By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds, in an idea situation, which is hard to come by. Residual herbicides are needed to reduce the number of herbicide applications needed to control multiple flushes of weeds.

Gramoxone (paraquat) is a non-selective, contact herbicide that can be used in fallow fields. It should be applied at 0.5 to 1.0 pounds of paraquat/A, which is equal to 2 to 4 pints of GramoxoneSL 2.0 or 1.3 to 2.7 pints of GramoxoneSL 3.0. Thorough spray coverage is important for good control, which means medium to coarse droplet sizes and greater spray volumes (20 GPA or more). Gramoxone should be applied with NIS, COC, or MSO. Because paraquat is a contact herbicide regrowth is common, especially of large weeds. Adding a Group 5 herbicide, such as atrazine or metribuzin can enhance control of larger weeds and add some residual activity. Atrazine will also help control volunteer wheat. It’s also important to remember that paraquat is a restricted use pesticide that requires additional training for handling.

Sharpen (saflufenacil) is a Group 14 herbicide that is a primarily a contact herbicide but also provides some residual activity. Use 2 to 3 oz/A for larger weeds and residual activity. Sharpen works best with the addition of methylated seed oil. Sharpen requires complete coverage so using 15 to 20 gallons/acre spray solution is important.

Valor (flumioxazin) can provide contact and residual activity of key species like pigweeds. Valor EZ can be applied at 2 to 4 fl oz/A. Crop rotation should be considered when selecting the application rate. The 4 fl oz rate has a 4-month rotation interval for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat; but lower rates have fewer restrictions. If targeting emerged weeds, NIS or COC should be included in the application.

All herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds that are actively growing. This means it is necessary to wait for a at least 2-3 inches of regrowth if weeds were cut off by the combine. It may be tempting to wait and delay applications for later weed flushes; however, consider including a product with residual activity, rather than waiting, in order to prevent poor control of large weeds. Additional information can be found in the 2024 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1183.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictWhen thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds, in an idea situation, which is hard to come by. Residual herbicides are needed to reduce the number of herbicide applications needed to control multiple flushes of weeds.Gramoxone (paraquat) is a non-selective, contact herbicide that can be used in fallow fields. It should be applied at 0.5 to 1.0 pounds of paraquat/A, which is equal to 2 to 4 pints of GramoxoneSL 2.0 or 1.3 to 2.7 pints of GramoxoneSL 3.0. Thorough spray coverage is important for good control, which means medium to coarse droplet sizes and greater spray volumes (20 GPA or more). Gramoxone should be applied with NIS, COC, or MSO. Because paraquat is a contact herbicide regrowth is common, especially of large weeds. Adding a Group 5 herbicide, such as atrazine or metribuzin can enhance control of larger weeds and add some residual activity. Atrazine will also help control volunteer wheat. It’s also important to remember that paraquat is a restricted use pesticide that requires additional training for handling.Sharpen (saflufenacil) is a Group 14 herbicide that is a primarily a contact herbicide but also provides some residual activity. Use 2 to 3 oz/A for larger weeds and residual activity. Sharpen works best with the addition of methylated seed oil. Sharpen requires complete coverage so using 15 to 20 gallons/acre spray solution is important.Valor (flumioxazin) can provide contact and residual activity of key species like pigweeds. Valor EZ can be applied at 2 to 4 fl oz/A. Crop rotation should be considered when selecting the application rate. The 4 fl oz rate has a 4-month rotation interval for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat; but lower rates have fewer restrictions. If targeting emerged weeds, NIS or COC should be included in the application.All herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds that are actively growing. This means it is necessary to wait for a at least 2-3 inches of regrowth if weeds were cut off by the combine. It may be tempting to wait and delay applications for later weed flushes; however, consider including a product with residual activity, rather than waiting, in order to prevent poor control of large weeds. Additional information can be found in the 2024 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1183.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Considerations for weed control following wheat harvest

By TISA MASON FHSU president

The John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days (SACAD) at Fort Hays State University (FHSU) showcased the remarkable convergence of traditional research and cutting-edge technology. The annual SACAD event is a testament to academic rigor and the boundless potential of students who embrace innovation and collaboration. Among them this year were Cally Anderson, Marisol Banda, and Katie Hale, whose work on using artificial intelligence (AI) in tourism marketing captivated attendees and earned them the coveted People’s Choice Award for Scholarly Activities.

Their research, an exploratory study on the utilization of AI for tourism marketing in the Midwest, was a project born out of curiosity and driven by a passion for the tourism industry. With Dr. Stacey Smith as their mentor, these three students conducted extensive research, navigated the complexities of AI, and presented their findings to national and international audiences.

Their research journey was not without its challenges. When Dr. Smith, a respected figure in the tourism academia, called upon FHSU members of the tourism honor society Eta Sigma Delta (ESD) to undertake a research project for a conference in Miami, Cally, Marisol, and Katie immediately seized the opportunity, even though it meant doubling their workload. They embarked on two ambitious research projects, including one focusing on AI in tourism marketing.

The students found that AI is rapidly transforming how the tourism industry operates, from personalizing travel experiences to improving destination management and customer service. Surveying tourism professionals in the Midwest revealed a lack of awareness of and utilization of AI in the region. Their research recommended workshops and conferences to educate professionals on the benefits of AI in tourism marketing.

Their journey led them to the Eta Sigma Delta Undergraduate Research Conference in Miami, where they presented not one but two research projects—including the much-lauded AI study. Competing against prestigious U.S. and Hong Kong schools, their work was noticed and celebrated. Their dedication culminated with a Meritorious Paper Award for their AI research, setting the stage for further recognition at SACAD.

Researching AI in tourism was a new and exciting experience for these students. Marisol Banda, a student from Salina shared how the project helped her learn about data collection and research, something she had never done before. She highlighted the importance of embracing advanced technologies like AI to propel the tourism industry forward.

Katie Hale, a Hutchinson native, emphasized the importance of adapting to changes in the industry and utilizing resources and connections to enhance research outcomes. She credited the collaboration with her peers and professors for the success of their project and acknowledged the growth in her skills and confidence as a result.

Cally Anderson, originally from Topeka, found a passion for tourism through her studies at FHSU. She emphasized that despite the program not being research-intensive, the opportunity to engage in research projects opened new possibilities for students to explore their interests and develop valuable skills.

Dr. Smith played a pivotal role in guiding the students through the research process, helping them understand the importance of research in the industry and preparing them for future endeavors. She noted that the students' dedication and eagerness to learn were evident throughout the project, and their recognition at local and international events was a testament to their hard work.

Fort Hays State University continues to nurture future academically proficient leaders and innovators in their respective fields. Cally, Marisol, and Katie's accomplishments embody the university’s commitment to fostering an environment where students can thrive, innovate, and prepare for the dynamic world ahead.

The 19th annual John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days was not just an event but a celebration of the collective efforts and achievements of faculty, students, and staff. For Cally, Marisol, and Katie, it began their journey to becoming influential leaders in the tourism industry, equipped with the knowledge and skills to drive change and enhance the world with their innovative ideas.

Each step Marisol, Katie, and Cally take from this point forward builds on the solid foundation of experiences and knowledge they acquired through their research projects. They are preparing not just for successful careers but to make significant contributions to the tourism and hospitality industry, where AI and other emerging technologies will play a crucial role. Their stories remind us that pursuing knowledge, driven by curiosity and supported by a committed community, can lead to extraordinary achievements.

As Fort Hays State University continues to grow and adapt to the changing educational landscape, the successes of its students like Cally, Marisol, and Katie will continue to inspire future generations. In an increasingly interconnected and technologically advanced world, their work exemplifies the spirit of innovation and resilience that FHSU aims to foster. These events remind us that education is about learning and exploring new frontiers, embracing change, and creating a better future for all.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Tisa Mason, FHSU president" />
 <figcaption>Tisa Mason, FHSU president</figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON FHSU presidentThe John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days (SACAD) at Fort Hays State University (FHSU) showcased the remarkable convergence of traditional research and cutting-edge technology. The annual SACAD event is a testament to academic rigor and the boundless potential of students who embrace innovation and collaboration. Among them this year were Cally Anderson, Marisol Banda, and Katie Hale, whose work on using artificial intelligence (AI) in tourism marketing captivated attendees and earned them the coveted People’s Choice Award for Scholarly Activities.Their research, an exploratory study on the utilization of AI for tourism marketing in the Midwest, was a project born out of curiosity and driven by a passion for the tourism industry. With Dr. Stacey Smith as their mentor, these three students conducted extensive research, navigated the complexities of AI, and presented their findings to national and international audiences.Their research journey was not without its challenges. When Dr. Smith, a respected figure in the tourism academia, called upon FHSU members of the tourism honor society Eta Sigma Delta (ESD) to undertake a research project for a conference in Miami, Cally, Marisol, and Katie immediately seized the opportunity, even though it meant doubling their workload. They embarked on two ambitious research projects, including one focusing on AI in tourism marketing.The students found that AI is rapidly transforming how the tourism industry operates, from personalizing travel experiences to improving destination management and customer service. Surveying tourism professionals in the Midwest revealed a lack of awareness of and utilization of AI in the region. Their research recommended workshops and conferences to educate professionals on the benefits of AI in tourism marketing.Their journey led them to the Eta Sigma Delta Undergraduate Research Conference in Miami, where they presented not one but two research projects—including the much-lauded AI study. Competing against prestigious U.S. and Hong Kong schools, their work was noticed and celebrated. Their dedication culminated with a Meritorious Paper Award for their AI research, setting the stage for further recognition at SACAD.Researching AI in tourism was a new and exciting experience for these students. Marisol Banda, a student from Salina shared how the project helped her learn about data collection and research, something she had never done before. She highlighted the importance of embracing advanced technologies like AI to propel the tourism industry forward.Katie Hale, a Hutchinson native, emphasized the importance of adapting to changes in the industry and utilizing resources and connections to enhance research outcomes. She credited the collaboration with her peers and professors for the success of their project and acknowledged the growth in her skills and confidence as a result.Cally Anderson, originally from Topeka, found a passion for tourism through her studies at FHSU. She emphasized that despite the program not being research-intensive, the opportunity to engage in research projects opened new possibilities for students to explore their interests and develop valuable skills.Dr. Smith played a pivotal role in guiding the students through the research process, helping them understand the importance of research in the industry and preparing them for future endeavors. She noted that the students' dedication and eagerness to learn were evident throughout the project, and their recognition at local and international events was a testament to their hard work.Fort Hays State University continues to nurture future academically proficient leaders and innovators in their respective fields. Cally, Marisol, and Katie's accomplishments embody the university’s commitment to fostering an environment where students can thrive, innovate, and prepare for the dynamic world ahead.The 19th annual John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days was not just an event but a celebration of the collective efforts and achievements of faculty, students, and staff. For Cally, Marisol, and Katie, it began their journey to becoming influential leaders in the tourism industry, equipped with the knowledge and skills to drive change and enhance the world with their innovative ideas.Each step Marisol, Katie, and Cally take from this point forward builds on the solid foundation of experiences and knowledge they acquired through their research projects. They are preparing not just for successful careers but to make significant contributions to the tourism and hospitality industry, where AI and other emerging technologies will play a crucial role. Their stories remind us that pursuing knowledge, driven by curiosity and supported by a committed community, can lead to extraordinary achievements.As Fort Hays State University continues to grow and adapt to the changing educational landscape, the successes of its students like Cally, Marisol, and Katie will continue to inspire future generations. In an increasingly interconnected and technologically advanced world, their work exemplifies the spirit of innovation and resilience that FHSU aims to foster. These events remind us that education is about learning and exploring new frontiers, embracing change, and creating a better future for all.

Heart of Tiger: FHSU Tourism students exploring new frontiers in AI-driven marketing

Embarrassing as it is to confess, I don’t wash my car as often as I should, especially since I frequently travel long distances in buggy areas. We recently returned from a week-long trek through insect-filled territory with predictable results. Squashed bugs covered the front of the car.

From my perspective, this meant more work. I needed to gather scrub rags and detergent in order to apply serious elbow grease. From a couple of little birds’ perspectives, our grill offered gourmet delights. Looking out the window the other day, I spied two sparrows working diligently at something around the slatted metal. Upon closer inspection, these opportunists were cleaning up dried bugs. I’d delivered a feast to their doorstep.

Lately newspapers are full of articles of other examples of opportunistic feeders. Swimmers and surfers off an American beach recently discovered this the hard way. As they splashed and kicked, hungry sharks zeroed in on their movement and noise. Since bait fish usually occupy those waters, the sharks apparently thought the movement signaled dinner time. I can imagine the surprise on the parts of both the swimmers and the sharks. Neither expected that encounter. While a couple of the swimmers required surgery, thankfully, no one died in that case of mistaken identity.

Sharks are not the only creatures showing up for unexpected meal encounters. We once visited an area in Wyoming that suffered an early freeze followed by summer drought. As a result, bears that typically hang out in berry patches and the like in the mountains, showed up at Fido’s back-door dog dish.

One lady told me her sister left her back door open while she did chores. As she carried boxes from one area to another, her dog started barking frantically. Curious, she visited the dining room to see what inspired the noise. Imagine finding a bear cub had wandered into the kitchen to investigate dining options. Thank goodness she frightened him out of the house with wild gestures and screeches before his mom came looking for him.

Around the same time, in southern Colorado, a bear wandered into a bottling plant where it discovered the raspberry-flavored ice tea vat. Mental picture triggered dozens of potential ice tea commercials. It reminded me of vintage Coca Cola ads starring a big, white polar bear. This bear story offered a case of life imitating art.

Wild animals aren’t the only creatures to take advantage of perfect opportunities. I’ve never known a dog to miss a chance to clean up under a toddler. Any dog worth its keep knows where to find the good stuff. I once watched a lab snatch ice cream off a little girl’s cone as the distracted tyke waved her cone around. Its owner struggled to scold the messy-faced pooch for doing what came naturally.

On the note of letting a food thief off easily, it’s getting close to the weekend and car wash time. Can I justify another postp

By KAREN MADORINEmbarrassing as it is to confess, I don’t wash my car as often as I should, especially since I frequently travel long distances in buggy areas. We recently returned from a week-long trek through insect-filled territory with predictable results. Squashed bugs covered the front of the car.From my perspective, this meant more work. I needed to gather scrub rags and detergent in order to apply serious elbow grease. From a couple of little birds’ perspectives, our grill offered gourmet delights. Looking out the window the other day, I spied two sparrows working diligently at something around the slatted metal. Upon closer inspection, these opportunists were cleaning up dried bugs. I’d delivered a feast to their doorstep.Lately newspapers are full of articles of other examples of opportunistic feeders. Swimmers and surfers off an American beach recently discovered this the hard way. As they splashed and kicked, hungry sharks zeroed in on their movement and noise. Since bait fish usually occupy those waters, the sharks apparently thought the movement signaled dinner time. I can imagine the surprise on the parts of both the swimmers and the sharks. Neither expected that encounter. While a couple of the swimmers required surgery, thankfully, no one died in that case of mistaken identity.Sharks are not the only creatures showing up for unexpected meal encounters. We once visited an area in Wyoming that suffered an early freeze followed by summer drought. As a result, bears that typically hang out in berry patches and the like in the mountains, showed up at Fido’s back-door dog dish.One lady told me her sister left her back door open while she did chores. As she carried boxes from one area to another, her dog started barking frantically. Curious, she visited the dining room to see what inspired the noise. Imagine finding a bear cub had wandered into the kitchen to investigate dining options. Thank goodness she frightened him out of the house with wild gestures and screeches before his mom came looking for him.Around the same time, in southern Colorado, a bear wandered into a bottling plant where it discovered the raspberry-flavored ice tea vat. Mental picture triggered dozens of potential ice tea commercials. It reminded me of vintage Coca Cola ads starring a big, white polar bear. This bear story offered a case of life imitating art.Wild animals aren’t the only creatures to take advantage of perfect opportunities. I’ve never known a dog to miss a chance to clean up under a toddler. Any dog worth its keep knows where to find the good stuff. I once watched a lab snatch ice cream off a little girl’s cone as the distracted tyke waved her cone around. Its owner struggled to scold the messy-faced pooch for doing what came naturally.On the note of letting a food thief off easily, it’s getting close to the weekend and car wash time. Can I justify another postp

MADORIN: Opportunistic feeders

By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension District

Most people value independence and enjoy a sense of control in life, and as we grow older, this doesn’t change. In fact, the desire to stay at home and live independently may increase with age. 

A typical older adult has lived independently for years, served as a caregiver, and has a sentimental connection with their home. After decades of creating the life they’ve worked for, many folks don’t want their lifestyle to change due to age. You may resonate with the fear of reliance as you grow older, but careful planning can help you successfully age in place.

First, prepare to stay in your home by setting yourself up for success. Studies show that people who cultivate social connections, volunteer, engage in moderate physical activity, and maintain a healthy diet protect their well-being. A person’s health condition can impact quality of life. In turn, this can influence your ability to live independently. Taking control of modifiable lifestyle factors now, can empower you to take care of yourself later.

Another important factor of aging in place is to acknowledge your assistance level. Successfully maintaining independence requires honesty. You may need to assess your ability to complete daily activities and your level of safety at home. Accepting help from family, friends, or a formal caregiver who can assist with daily activities can prevent injury and other accidents. Some help may sustain your ability to live at home and prevent the need for full-time assistance.

Make your home accessible. You spend most of your time at home, so make sure it’s a safe space. Increase lighting, remove floor clutter, and rearrange furniture to open up the flow of traffic. Also, consider installing grab bars in bathrooms and repairing uneven walking surfaces. Ensuring a safe environment can prevent accidents and protect overall health.

Aging is inevitable but welcoming the transitions of life can prolong independence. It can encourage you to care for your body and mind, accept your health circumstances, and prepare&nbsp;you to make your home a safer place. These are just a few ways that can help you realistically age in place.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictMost people value independence and enjoy a sense of control in life, and as we grow older, this doesn’t change. In fact, the desire to stay at home and live independently may increase with age. A typical older adult has lived independently for years, served as a caregiver, and has a sentimental connection with their home. After decades of creating the life they’ve worked for, many folks don’t want their lifestyle to change due to age. You may resonate with the fear of reliance as you grow older, but careful planning can help you successfully age in place.First, prepare to stay in your home by setting yourself up for success. Studies show that people who cultivate social connections, volunteer, engage in moderate physical activity, and maintain a healthy diet protect their well-being. A person’s health condition can impact quality of life. In turn, this can influence your ability to live independently. Taking control of modifiable lifestyle factors now, can empower you to take care of yourself later.Another important factor of aging in place is to acknowledge your assistance level. Successfully maintaining independence requires honesty. You may need to assess your ability to complete daily activities and your level of safety at home. Accepting help from family, friends, or a formal caregiver who can assist with daily activities can prevent injury and other accidents. Some help may sustain your ability to live at home and prevent the need for full-time assistance.Make your home accessible. You spend most of your time at home, so make sure it’s a safe space. Increase lighting, remove floor clutter, and rearrange furniture to open up the flow of traffic. Also, consider installing grab bars in bathrooms and repairing uneven walking surfaces. Ensuring a safe environment can prevent accidents and protect overall health.Aging is inevitable but welcoming the transitions of life can prolong independence. It can encourage you to care for your body and mind, accept your health circumstances, and prepare&nbsp;you to make your home a safer place. These are just a few ways that can help you realistically age in place.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Age in place

By STEVE GILLILAND Exploring Kansas Outdoors

What do you get when you mix equal amounts of water and cider vinegar in a jar with a drop or two of dishwashing soap? According to a friend of ours, you get a redneck fruit fly trap. This time of the year along with all the fresh fruit and veggies from our gardens also comes those pesky tiny fruit flies that buzz around our produce. This concoction draws them to the scent of the cider vinegar and the dishwashing soap eliminates water surface tension so that when they land in the jar they sink straight to the bottom. She says it works great!

An effective hillbilly mouse trap can be made by filling a five gallon bucket a couple inches from the top with water, smearing peanut butter on the upper lip of the bucket or pouring grain or livestock feed to float on the water, then leaning a board at an angle from the floor to the top of the bucket for a ramp. Mice searching for an easy meal will attempt to hang onto the rim to get the peanut butter or lean out over the water to eat some floating feed and ultimately end up in the drink.

After hearing from my brother last night about all he has to go through to protect his garden from deer and other critters where he lives deep in the southern Ohio woods, I referred to a book by America’s Master Gardener, Jerry Baker, entitled “Bug Off” in which he presents bushels full of down-home remedies for keeping all manner of critters, especially raccoons, rabbits and deer, out of gardens and truck patches. I realize a couple of these may not be realistic to try, but here goes anyway.

· Raccoons are the bane of the sweet corn patch. Jerry recommends corralling all the electric fans you can barter for at garage sales, then, using outdoor extension cords place them all around the garden and run them on high all night for several nights in a row to dampen the coon’s interest.

· Evidently raccoons hate the smell of both bleach and ammonia, so fill old margarine tubs with either liquid and place them among your most vulnerable plants.

· As a trapper, I know that coons’ have very sensitive feet and this hindrance uses that weakness against them. Around the perimeter of the garden, lay a three-foot-wide strip of broken pot shards, jagged stones, thorny rose or bramble canes, wire mesh or anything else sharp or prickly and coons will refuse to cross it. This one requires the most work but will last the longest.

· Rabbits can devour a patch of greens’ overnight. Much of Jerry’s advise for deterring rabbits centers around fencing where practical, and making your yard or garden less inviting by removing nearby cover, growing plants rabbits don’t like and luring them away from the garden with plants they can’t resist. He does however have a couple novel suggestions.

· The first is a spray he calls his Hot Bite Spray, concocted from cayenne pepper, Tabasco sauce, ammonia and baby shampoo. He guarantees that any critter who tastes this stuff will never come back for a second bite (contact me for the formula and directions.)

· The other suggestion is to buy a ferret, or make friends with someone who owns a ferret and offer to babysit. ((: ((:

· Someone recently asked me how to keep deer away from his grapes and berries, and a friend of mine in Minnesota who operates a full-time animal control business recommended electric fence about waist high around the patch. Jerry Baker takes that one step further and

says to smear the fence with peanut butter. The smell of the peanut butter will cause them to smell it or lick it, resulting in a zap to the snoot or tongue, and they will never return.

· Instead of washing or tossing your husband’s old smelly socks and sneakers, hang them around your truck patch. Jerry calls this a classic deer-chasing trick.

· We trappers use all manner of strange animal scents and smells, and Jerry says that urine from any major predator will send deer running. Coyote urine is readily available, and a little sprinkled around your garden will never be noticed by you, but the deer will surely flee.

These are just a few of the more novel suggestions Jerry Baker has for keeping four-footed critters from ravaging your produce, and this book is just one of many he has published full of the same kind of down-home suggestions. Although there’s really nothing “Redneck” about any of these remedies as the title implies, I figured it might grab your attention and get you to read further, and if you’re reading this sentence, I’d say it worked! So, eat well as you continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors.

Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STEVE GILLILAND Exploring Kansas OutdoorsWhat do you get when you mix equal amounts of water and cider vinegar in a jar with a drop or two of dishwashing soap? According to a friend of ours, you get a redneck fruit fly trap. This time of the year along with all the fresh fruit and veggies from our gardens also comes those pesky tiny fruit flies that buzz around our produce. This concoction draws them to the scent of the cider vinegar and the dishwashing soap eliminates water surface tension so that when they land in the jar they sink straight to the bottom. She says it works great!An effective hillbilly mouse trap can be made by filling a five gallon bucket a couple inches from the top with water, smearing peanut butter on the upper lip of the bucket or pouring grain or livestock feed to float on the water, then leaning a board at an angle from the floor to the top of the bucket for a ramp. Mice searching for an easy meal will attempt to hang onto the rim to get the peanut butter or lean out over the water to eat some floating feed and ultimately end up in the drink.After hearing from my brother last night about all he has to go through to protect his garden from deer and other critters where he lives deep in the southern Ohio woods, I referred to a book by America’s Master Gardener, Jerry Baker, entitled “Bug Off” in which he presents bushels full of down-home remedies for keeping all manner of critters, especially raccoons, rabbits and deer, out of gardens and truck patches. I realize a couple of these may not be realistic to try, but here goes anyway.· Raccoons are the bane of the sweet corn patch. Jerry recommends corralling all the electric fans you can barter for at garage sales, then, using outdoor extension cords place them all around the garden and run them on high all night for several nights in a row to dampen the coon’s interest.· Evidently raccoons hate the smell of both bleach and ammonia, so fill old margarine tubs with either liquid and place them among your most vulnerable plants.· As a trapper, I know that coons’ have very sensitive feet and this hindrance uses that weakness against them. Around the perimeter of the garden, lay a three-foot-wide strip of broken pot shards, jagged stones, thorny rose or bramble canes, wire mesh or anything else sharp or prickly and coons will refuse to cross it. This one requires the most work but will last the longest.· Rabbits can devour a patch of greens’ overnight. Much of Jerry’s advise for deterring rabbits centers around fencing where practical, and making your yard or garden less inviting by removing nearby cover, growing plants rabbits don’t like and luring them away from the garden with plants they can’t resist. He does however have a couple novel suggestions.· The first is a spray he calls his Hot Bite Spray, concocted from cayenne pepper, Tabasco sauce, ammonia and baby shampoo. He guarantees that any critter who tastes this stuff will never come back for a second bite (contact me for the formula and directions.)· The other suggestion is to buy a ferret, or make friends with someone who owns a ferret and offer to babysit. ((: ((:· Someone recently asked me how to keep deer away from his grapes and berries, and a friend of mine in Minnesota who operates a full-time animal control business recommended electric fence about waist high around the patch. Jerry Baker takes that one step further andsays to smear the fence with peanut butter. The smell of the peanut butter will cause them to smell it or lick it, resulting in a zap to the snoot or tongue, and they will never return.· Instead of washing or tossing your husband’s old smelly socks and sneakers, hang them around your truck patch. Jerry calls this a classic deer-chasing trick.· We trappers use all manner of strange animal scents and smells, and Jerry says that urine from any major predator will send deer running. Coyote urine is readily available, and a little sprinkled around your garden will never be noticed by you, but the deer will surely flee.These are just a few of the more novel suggestions Jerry Baker has for keeping four-footed critters from ravaging your produce, and this book is just one of many he has published full of the same kind of down-home suggestions. Although there’s really nothing “Redneck” about any of these remedies as the title implies, I figured it might grab your attention and get you to read further, and if you’re reading this sentence, I’d say it worked! So, eat well as you continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors.Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Exploring Kansas Outdoors: Redneck garden remedies

If you were in Hays on June 8th, 2024, you may have noticed an event at Municipal Park, that drew a lot of folks to Hays on South Main Street for the Thunder on the Plains Car show.

It was a beautiful day down in the park and many car, truck, motorcycle and tractor enthusiasts were able to showcase their rides and take in the wonders of all the classic and classy vehicles, many from the past, restored and all treasured.

If you happened to be present early that afternoon, you would have observed how these enthusiasts showed another aspect of their collective characters. These beautiful souls are equally engaged in their community and in support of their community. At that time, Thunder on the Plains Car Show extended their hands in a great outpouring of financial support upon many different organizations in our community. Developmental Services of Northwest Kansas (DSNWK and Custom Creations) were among the recipients.. We remain deeply grateful to everyone associated with Thunder on the Plains Car Show and all the sponsors who helped make the day possible. The amazing support shared helps us continue in our work serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in this community.

The above alone is worthy of recognition but, wait, there's more to the story. One of their continued car show participants, unable to join the Thunder on the Plains Car Show event downtown this year because of health challenges, received an overpowering surprise (yet another gift) from this amazing group of people! As a neighbor living across the street, we were blessed to witness another example of the class of this group of people. Even though the car show was a wrap and each fatigued by the activities of the day, they dug in deeper.

Unbeknownst to our neighbor, the parade of classic cars drove down our street, coming to their planned stop to offer their gift of love, encouragement and hope. I heard someone say,

So Thank You to everyone involved in the Thunder on the Plains Car Show event, and especially for this final surprise gift of hope and encouragement. DSNWK was blessed to directly receive the generous support of this group. As a proverbial 'fly on the wall', we were also gifted witnessing this beautiful outpouring of love and support that impacted yet another life. Living with Purpose is our motto at DSNWK, and I am grateful to witness this as a prime example. This world is a better place when we too rise above ourselves to serve, to give and to support one another.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/6/1718315791278.png" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By JERRY MICHAUDIf you were in Hays on June 8th, 2024, you may have noticed an event at Municipal Park, that drew a lot of folks to Hays on South Main Street for the Thunder on the Plains Car show.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582312931775.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>It was a beautiful day down in the park and many car, truck, motorcycle and tractor enthusiasts were able to showcase their rides and take in the wonders of all the classic and classy vehicles, many from the past, restored and all treasured.If you happened to be present early that afternoon, you would have observed how these enthusiasts showed another aspect of their collective characters. These beautiful souls are equally engaged in their community and in support of their community. At that time, Thunder on the Plains Car Show extended their hands in a great outpouring of financial support upon many different organizations in our community. Developmental Services of Northwest Kansas (DSNWK and Custom Creations) were among the recipients.. We remain deeply grateful to everyone associated with Thunder on the Plains Car Show and all the sponsors who helped make the day possible. The amazing support shared helps us continue in our work serving people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in this community.The above alone is worthy of recognition but, wait, there's more to the story. One of their continued car show participants, unable to join the Thunder on the Plains Car Show event downtown this year because of health challenges, received an overpowering surprise (yet another gift) from this amazing group of people! As a neighbor living across the street, we were blessed to witness another example of the class of this group of people. Even though the car show was a wrap and each fatigued by the activities of the day, they dug in deeper.Unbeknownst to our neighbor, the parade of classic cars drove down our street, coming to their planned stop to offer their gift of love, encouragement and hope. I heard someone say,"It's what love does."So Thank You to everyone involved in the Thunder on the Plains Car Show event, and especially for this final surprise gift of hope and encouragement. DSNWK was blessed to directly receive the generous support of this group. As a proverbial 'fly on the wall', we were also gifted witnessing this beautiful outpouring of love and support that impacted yet another life. Living with Purpose is our motto at DSNWK, and I am grateful to witness this as a prime example. This world is a better place when we too rise above ourselves to serve, to give and to support one another.

Thundering in Silence - A Story of generosity and love

By BILL FIANDER Insight Kansas

Last semester, I asked my sustainable city planning class to close their eyes and visualize the typologies of five cradle-to-grave residences: birth residence, high school residence, current residence, parent’s residence, and oldest family member’s residence.

About 80% visualized at least two of the four basic residential typologies – single-family detached, single-family attached, small multi-family, and large multi-family (20+ units).

Yet, local zoning laws are almost exclusively tilted towards only one type - single-family detached. It’s common to find 80-90% of residential zoning dedicated to the most expensive and land-consumptive typology.

Unsuspectingly, my students demonstrated two profound points: equitable housing choices are a basic need in life, and ignoring zoning reform will be done at the peril of your community’s prosperity.

Just ask The Fonz! The iconic leather-jacketed uber-cool greaser of ABC’s Happy Days sitcom from my 70s childhood. Long before today’s demographic and economic shifts necessitated rethinking our love affair with single-family zoning – delayed marriages, lower birth rates, elderly adults soon outnumbering children, rising single-person households – Fonzie was making zoning reform cool.

He lived in a small accessory dwelling unit (ADU) above the Cunningham family’s garage subordinate to their primary residence. Lending to his coolness, it was illegal. But it offset Mr. and Mrs. C’s mortgage costs and gave suburbia a housing choice for working-class mechanics it didn’t have otherwise. The property not only posed theatrically as a quintessential 1950s suburb but as a bellwether for today’s zoning reform front lines.

The fact that it is still illegal in most of America should come as no surprise. What may surprise you is the juice this idea is gaining in city halls and capitals to address critical shortfalls in housing. California, Oregon, Washington, Connecticut, and Maine have led state-enabling acts for ADUs and prohibit local bans. Others as big as Texas are very close. Some cities like Minneapolis and Alexandria, Virginia have monumentally done away with single-family zoning altogether.

While ADU zoning is decidedly a local matter, housing supply is of mutual interest to states and locals. Cooperative state legislation has shown it can provide political cover to local governments prone to the weight of NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) proselytizing. As Cincinnati’s Mayor, Aftab Pureval puts it, “The third rail of local politics is zoning”.

In Kansas, legislators and mayors should be aware that easing up on zoning to allow small and multi-family units garnered astonishing support in the statewide Kansas Speaks survey last year – 44% favored vs. 14% against. This is not true everywhere like Prairie Village. However, Topeka is the latest of a few municipalities to go down the zoning reform path with ADUs. As they mull a proposal to open 100% of their residential zoning to ADUs under certain conditions, its significance should not be understated; if only 5% of the newly opened areas

contained ADUs, around 2,500 units would be created or 30% of their 20-year multi-family demand. Other benefits – aging in place, multigenerational living, and passive income for homeowners – are no less significant.

ADUs are not a silver bullet. Addressing other zoning barriers for live-work units, “missing middle” typologies (duplexes, triplexes, townhomes, small apartments), transit-oriented development, minimum lot sizes, density caps, and parking mandates are complimentary.

But wouldn’t it be cool if openness to naturally occurring affordable housing is closer in reach with the stroke of a pen and some new map colors than a tax dollar?

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/2/1708024541249.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By BILL FIANDER Insight KansasLast semester, I asked my sustainable city planning class to close their eyes and visualize the typologies of five cradle-to-grave residences: birth residence, high school residence, current residence, parent’s residence, and oldest family member’s residence.About 80% visualized at least two of the four basic residential typologies – single-family detached, single-family attached, small multi-family, and large multi-family (20+ units).Yet, local zoning laws are almost exclusively tilted towards only one type - single-family detached. It’s common to find 80-90% of residential zoning dedicated to the most expensive and land-consumptive typology.Unsuspectingly, my students demonstrated two profound points: equitable housing choices are a basic need in life, and ignoring zoning reform will be done at the peril of your community’s prosperity.Just ask The Fonz! The iconic leather-jacketed uber-cool greaser of ABC’s Happy Days sitcom from my 70s childhood. Long before today’s demographic and economic shifts necessitated rethinking our love affair with single-family zoning – delayed marriages, lower birth rates, elderly adults soon outnumbering children, rising single-person households – Fonzie was making zoning reform cool.He lived in a small accessory dwelling unit (ADU) above the Cunningham family’s garage subordinate to their primary residence. Lending to his coolness, it was illegal. But it offset Mr. and Mrs. C’s mortgage costs and gave suburbia a housing choice for working-class mechanics it didn’t have otherwise. The property not only posed theatrically as a quintessential 1950s suburb but as a bellwether for today’s zoning reform front lines.The fact that it is still illegal in most of America should come as no surprise. What may surprise you is the juice this idea is gaining in city halls and capitals to address critical shortfalls in housing. California, Oregon, Washington, Connecticut, and Maine have led state-enabling acts for ADUs and prohibit local bans. Others as big as Texas are very close. Some cities like Minneapolis and Alexandria, Virginia have monumentally done away with single-family zoning altogether.While ADU zoning is decidedly a local matter, housing supply is of mutual interest to states and locals. Cooperative state legislation has shown it can provide political cover to local governments prone to the weight of NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) proselytizing. As Cincinnati’s Mayor, Aftab Pureval puts it, “The third rail of local politics is zoning”.In Kansas, legislators and mayors should be aware that easing up on zoning to allow small and multi-family units garnered astonishing support in the statewide Kansas Speaks survey last year – 44% favored vs. 14% against. This is not true everywhere like Prairie Village. However, Topeka is the latest of a few municipalities to go down the zoning reform path with ADUs. As they mull a proposal to open 100% of their residential zoning to ADUs under certain conditions, its significance should not be understated; if only 5% of the newly opened areascontained ADUs, around 2,500 units would be created or 30% of their 20-year multi-family demand. Other benefits – aging in place, multigenerational living, and passive income for homeowners – are no less significant.ADUs are not a silver bullet. Addressing other zoning barriers for live-work units, “missing middle” typologies (duplexes, triplexes, townhomes, small apartments), transit-oriented development, minimum lot sizes, density caps, and parking mandates are complimentary.But wouldn’t it be cool if openness to naturally occurring affordable housing is closer in reach with the stroke of a pen and some new map colors than a tax dollar?Heeey!

INSIGHT KANSAS: Happy days of housing supply

I received a phone call from a local farmer in Ellis County on Wednesday, June 12th. He asked if I could come look at his and some other farmers fields. They were seeing sorghum plants with some reddish/purple leaves and some leaves having a whitish coloring or light streaks on the upper leaf surface.

Accompanied by J.P. Michaud, K-State Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, we went and looked at the fields. Upon close inspection we found thrips.

Our wheat hosts many different insects and once it matures and dries down, those insects start looking for another home. So, it is probably not uncommon for our grain sorghum to have some thrips each year. But this year looks to be an anomaly with more thrips feeding on the sorghum than usual.

Thrips are less than 2 millimeters long (.079”) and vary in color from yellow to brown, gray or black. The ones we observed were dark. These tiny, barely visible, splinter-like insects rasp leaf surfaces with their sharp mouthparts and then feed on the juices released.

We had to peel back the leaves on the plant to find the thrips. The good news is that they should not cause any yield loss and therefore spraying an insecticide is not recommended. As a matter of fact, if your grain sorghum had an insecticide seed treatment applied to it and most if not, all do, it should give your young plants enough protection from the thrips for at least 3 weeks after planting. Plus, the feeding they do is more cosmetic than anything, and should not lead to any yield loss.

Now for chinch bugs, I just received word today from a farmer in Barton County that an agronomist there said he has never seen chinch bug pressure that bad. Farmers will need to be scouting grain sorghum and sorghum/sudan hay fields close to harvested wheat fields for chinch bugs. They will move out of mature wheat and high numbers feeding on young sorghum plants can kill them. Damage begins along the field edge bordering the wheat, but can progress into the field as rows of plants die and the bugs move to new plants. Eventually, plants will get big enough to withstand the feeding pressure, but chinch bug migrations may last up to 2 weeks.

If you have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430 or email me at scampbel@ksu.edu J.P. Michaud, Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center - Hays can be reached at 785-625-3425 or email jpmi@ksu.edu

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictI received a phone call from a local farmer in Ellis County on Wednesday, June 12th. He asked if I could come look at his and some other farmers fields. They were seeing sorghum plants with some reddish/purple leaves and some leaves having a whitish coloring or light streaks on the upper leaf surface.Accompanied by J.P. Michaud, K-State Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, we went and looked at the fields. Upon close inspection we found thrips.Our wheat hosts many different insects and once it matures and dries down, those insects start looking for another home. So, it is probably not uncommon for our grain sorghum to have some thrips each year. But this year looks to be an anomaly with more thrips feeding on the sorghum than usual.Thrips are less than 2 millimeters long (.079”) and vary in color from yellow to brown, gray or black. The ones we observed were dark. These tiny, barely visible, splinter-like insects rasp leaf surfaces with their sharp mouthparts and then feed on the juices released.We had to peel back the leaves on the plant to find the thrips. The good news is that they should not cause any yield loss and therefore spraying an insecticide is not recommended. As a matter of fact, if your grain sorghum had an insecticide seed treatment applied to it and most if not, all do, it should give your young plants enough protection from the thrips for at least 3 weeks after planting. Plus, the feeding they do is more cosmetic than anything, and should not lead to any yield loss.Now for chinch bugs, I just received word today from a farmer in Barton County that an agronomist there said he has never seen chinch bug pressure that bad. Farmers will need to be scouting grain sorghum and sorghum/sudan hay fields close to harvested wheat fields for chinch bugs. They will move out of mature wheat and high numbers feeding on young sorghum plants can kill them. Damage begins along the field edge bordering the wheat, but can progress into the field as rows of plants die and the bugs move to new plants. Eventually, plants will get big enough to withstand the feeding pressure, but chinch bug migrations may last up to 2 weeks.If you have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430 or email me at scampbel@ksu.edu J.P. Michaud, Entomologist at the Agricultural Research Center - Hays can be reached at 785-625-3425 or email jpmi@ksu.eduStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Thrips in grain sorghum

Our years of marriage have required serious budget stretching strategies. The first year, we discovered garage sales offered opportunities to buy anything from yard and garden tools, kitchen essentials, décor, and other crazy stuff folks who start out with nothing need. The fact we never knew what we’d find added adventure to those quests. It was like a perpetual Forrest Gump box of chocolates.

For pennies, we multiplied sparse kitchen inventory into cupboards full of vintage bowls, Bakelite choppers, pans, and wire potato mashers just like gramma’s. She still used her stuff, so when I’d find something similar for the right price, I added to my stash. Not only did people sell vintage items, they’d put unused or barely used towels, mitts, curtains, griddles, blenders, and such on their sale. For pennies on the dollar, I bought a sturdy blender and new in the box waffle iron to develop culinary skills. Once I realized I didn’t like cleaning waffle irons, I traded it for something I really needed.

Similar bargains filled our mostly empty family tool box. We found everything from hoes, rakes, and tomato cages to multitudinous screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, saws, and more. Over time, our collection grew so that when we could comfortably share tools and hardly miss them.

Once our family expanded, such bargains furnished and decorated a nursery. We found a barely used cherry wood crib for infant daughters to sleep in. My mom embroidered an heirloom baby quilt, but garage sales added sheets, hooded towels, and adorable sleepers. Those who shop regularly know they’ll eventually find exactly what they want in great condition. That may mean hitting sales for weeks in a row and not bringing anything home, but eureka moments await.

Over time, we went through Mickey Mouse tables and chairs, art supplies, balls, bats, gloves, and lots of cute clothes. If I found an adorable something the girls would wear only a time or two, I’d buy it and later pass it to a friend with smaller kids. Same with toys. If what I brought home entertained the girls only a moment, it soon found a new home.

Once grandkids came along, the search for kid clothes, games, and toys began again. Discovering a boxed, beautiful Barbie brightened one grands’ day. Another eagerly awaits art and craft supply deliveries to refill her stash. Every kid has their choice of baseball mitts. All our grands eagerly anticipate fishing gear finds. They love new bobbers, lures, and nets.

One of the curses of being a lifelong bargain hunter is that space limits treasure you can bring home. We reached capacity long ago, so when new comes in—book, kitchenware, décor, tool, toy—something goes into the donation box in the trunk, delivered 2x monthly. I refuse to unpack a cupboard, closet, or drawer to find what I’m looking for. This rule makes that doable. It also guarantees thrift store employees recognize us.

Some folks don’t have time to garage sale; some don’t enjoy it. If you have time and you don’t mind waiting til you find what you want at a sale, this offers a less expensive means to entertain yourself, especially since you never know what you’ll find.

By KAREN MADORINOur years of marriage have required serious budget stretching strategies. The first year, we discovered garage sales offered opportunities to buy anything from yard and garden tools, kitchen essentials, décor, and other crazy stuff folks who start out with nothing need. The fact we never knew what we’d find added adventure to those quests. It was like a perpetual Forrest Gump box of chocolates.For pennies, we multiplied sparse kitchen inventory into cupboards full of vintage bowls, Bakelite choppers, pans, and wire potato mashers just like gramma’s. She still used her stuff, so when I’d find something similar for the right price, I added to my stash. Not only did people sell vintage items, they’d put unused or barely used towels, mitts, curtains, griddles, blenders, and such on their sale. For pennies on the dollar, I bought a sturdy blender and new in the box waffle iron to develop culinary skills. Once I realized I didn’t like cleaning waffle irons, I traded it for something I really needed.Similar bargains filled our mostly empty family tool box. We found everything from hoes, rakes, and tomato cages to multitudinous screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, saws, and more. Over time, our collection grew so that when we could comfortably share tools and hardly miss them.Once our family expanded, such bargains furnished and decorated a nursery. We found a barely used cherry wood crib for infant daughters to sleep in. My mom embroidered an heirloom baby quilt, but garage sales added sheets, hooded towels, and adorable sleepers. Those who shop regularly know they’ll eventually find exactly what they want in great condition. That may mean hitting sales for weeks in a row and not bringing anything home, but eureka moments await.Over time, we went through Mickey Mouse tables and chairs, art supplies, balls, bats, gloves, and lots of cute clothes. If I found an adorable something the girls would wear only a time or two, I’d buy it and later pass it to a friend with smaller kids. Same with toys. If what I brought home entertained the girls only a moment, it soon found a new home.Once grandkids came along, the search for kid clothes, games, and toys began again. Discovering a boxed, beautiful Barbie brightened one grands’ day. Another eagerly awaits art and craft supply deliveries to refill her stash. Every kid has their choice of baseball mitts. All our grands eagerly anticipate fishing gear finds. They love new bobbers, lures, and nets.One of the curses of being a lifelong bargain hunter is that space limits treasure you can bring home. We reached capacity long ago, so when new comes in—book, kitchenware, décor, tool, toy—something goes into the donation box in the trunk, delivered 2x monthly. I refuse to unpack a cupboard, closet, or drawer to find what I’m looking for. This rule makes that doable. It also guarantees thrift store employees recognize us.Some folks don’t have time to garage sale; some don’t enjoy it. If you have time and you don’t mind waiting til you find what you want at a sale, this offers a less expensive means to entertain yourself, especially since you never know what you’ll find.

MADORIN: Budget fun

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

You want the best for your child and are trying to keep them safe and healthy while they grow. Still, it’s hard being a parent and it’s even harder when your family has experienced trauma. There are simple ways to connect with your child and help them to feel loved.

You might be a child’s parent or guardian, their regular caregiver, or someone who frequently sees and cares for them. No matter who you are to the child, you can be someone they trust and rely on. These are 8 everyday gestures that you can do with children to build relationships and trust. Children need to have strong relationships and attachment when they are young to set them up for success as an adult.

1. Play with your child and enter their world-Find activities that you can do together, like reading stories, playing video games, playing pretend, or practicing sports.

2. Listen to your child-Look them in the eye to help them feel seen, heard, and valued. Show them you are listening by bending down to their level, make eye contact and put down your phone.

3. Be your child’s cheerleader. Tell your child what you love about them. Inspire your child to discover activities that interest them, like sports, art, music, or theater.

4. Comfort your child when they feel scared or overwhelmed, and practice techniques such as taking deep breaths and counting to ten. Help you child find other people and places that help them feel safe and supported.

5. Talk to your child about their feelings. Help them to be able to label their emotions by using a feelings chart and model healthy ways to express feelings. Ask your child about events from their day and how they made them feel.

6. Create calm and predictable environments. Help your child know what to expect whenever possible by creating habits and routines. Ask yourself, what rituals would work for my family each day to make it more predictable? Children feel safe and have less anxiety when their worlds are predictable and they have an idea of what to expect will happen each day.

7. Set clear rules and expectations about your child’s behavior and use positive reinforcement whenever possible. Clear rules might include “no name-calling” and how often they can watch TV. Reward your child’s efforts to follow family rules.

8. Create a network of support for you and your child, and be a support for other parents. At some point, we all need to ask for help. Whether you’re helping someone else or needing it yourself, it’s good to know what health, counseling, and recreation resources are part of your community.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictYou want the best for your child and are trying to keep them safe and healthy while they grow. Still, it’s hard being a parent and it’s even harder when your family has experienced trauma. There are simple ways to connect with your child and help them to feel loved.You might be a child’s parent or guardian, their regular caregiver, or someone who frequently sees and cares for them. No matter who you are to the child, you can be someone they trust and rely on. These are 8 everyday gestures that you can do with children to build relationships and trust. Children need to have strong relationships and attachment when they are young to set them up for success as an adult.8 Every Day Gestures1. Play with your child and enter their world-Find activities that you can do together, like reading stories, playing video games, playing pretend, or practicing sports.2. Listen to your child-Look them in the eye to help them feel seen, heard, and valued. Show them you are listening by bending down to their level, make eye contact and put down your phone.3. Be your child’s cheerleader. Tell your child what you love about them. Inspire your child to discover activities that interest them, like sports, art, music, or theater.4. Comfort your child when they feel scared or overwhelmed, and practice techniques such as taking deep breaths and counting to ten. Help you child find other people and places that help them feel safe and supported.5. Talk to your child about their feelings. Help them to be able to label their emotions by using a feelings chart and model healthy ways to express feelings. Ask your child about events from their day and how they made them feel.6. Create calm and predictable environments. Help your child know what to expect whenever possible by creating habits and routines. Ask yourself, what rituals would work for my family each day to make it more predictable? Children feel safe and have less anxiety when their worlds are predictable and they have an idea of what to expect will happen each day.7. Set clear rules and expectations about your child’s behavior and use positive reinforcement whenever possible. Clear rules might include “no name-calling” and how often they can watch TV. Reward your child’s efforts to follow family rules.8. Create a network of support for you and your child, and be a support for other parents. At some point, we all need to ask for help. Whether you’re helping someone else or needing it yourself, it’s good to know what health, counseling, and recreation resources are part of your community.Source: Futures without ViolenceMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Everyday gestures

Farmer’s market season has arrived, and if you’re anything like me, strolling past vendors with an array of fresh produce and homemade goods is a refreshing way to shop. Fresh fruits and vegetables, local honey, and canned goods are just a few products that draw me to the market, but there are multiple reasons why shopping at the farmer’s market is a good choice for the entire community.

· Fresh produce. Locally grown fruits and vegetables are often picked later, full of color, and packed with nutrients. Compared to produce picked thousands of miles away, local foods are harvested at peak ripeness. This can contribute to nutrient-dense produce that is full of flavor! If you or a loved one is picky when it comes to vegetables, experimenting with farm fresh produce is a great way to reintroduce foods that may taste better than superstore options.

· Support the local economy. When you shop at the farmer’s market, your money stays in the community. You support small businesses and the vendors who work to provide such valuable goods.

· Safer food. Produce is typically sustainably grown, and consumers can learn about farming methods. If you are concerned about the use of pesticides and herbicides, the opportunity to ask questions may give you peace of mind. Plus, food from the farmer’s market can be a safer option while mass disease outbreaks are more likely to occur in industrial settings.

· Cultivate healthy behaviors. Taking children to the market can spark interest in healthy eating behaviors and teach them how food is grown. Exposure to the farmer’s market can inspire children (and adults) to make new foods, create a handmade craft, or plant a garden.

Now that you’re ambitious to shop local, make sure to stop by the Great Bend Summer Street Stroll Market at Jack Kilby Square on Thursdays from 4-7 pm. Fresh produce, honey, art, and handmade crafts are the focus of this market, and local vendors are available from May to October. Or, if you’re in the Hays area, stop by 110 E 10th St. on Saturday mornings from 7:30- 11 am. Customers can shop for weekly groceries, find unique gifts made by local artisans, and enjoy musical talents.

The Senior Nutrition Farmer’s Market Program is available in both locations. Those 60 and older can receive vouchers to purchase produce from participating vendors. Contact the Barton County Health Department or the Cottonwood Extension office in Hays to see if you qualify.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictFarmer’s market season has arrived, and if you’re anything like me, strolling past vendors with an array of fresh produce and homemade goods is a refreshing way to shop. Fresh fruits and vegetables, local honey, and canned goods are just a few products that draw me to the market, but there are multiple reasons why shopping at the farmer’s market is a good choice for the entire community.· Fresh produce. Locally grown fruits and vegetables are often picked later, full of color, and packed with nutrients. Compared to produce picked thousands of miles away, local foods are harvested at peak ripeness. This can contribute to nutrient-dense produce that is full of flavor! If you or a loved one is picky when it comes to vegetables, experimenting with farm fresh produce is a great way to reintroduce foods that may taste better than superstore options.· Support the local economy. When you shop at the farmer’s market, your money stays in the community. You support small businesses and the vendors who work to provide such valuable goods.· Safer food. Produce is typically sustainably grown, and consumers can learn about farming methods. If you are concerned about the use of pesticides and herbicides, the opportunity to ask questions may give you peace of mind. Plus, food from the farmer’s market can be a safer option while mass disease outbreaks are more likely to occur in industrial settings.· Cultivate healthy behaviors. Taking children to the market can spark interest in healthy eating behaviors and teach them how food is grown. Exposure to the farmer’s market can inspire children (and adults) to make new foods, create a handmade craft, or plant a garden.Now that you’re ambitious to shop local, make sure to stop by the Great Bend Summer Street Stroll Market at Jack Kilby Square on Thursdays from 4-7 pm. Fresh produce, honey, art, and handmade crafts are the focus of this market, and local vendors are available from May to October. Or, if you’re in the Hays area, stop by 110 E 10th St. on Saturday mornings from 7:30- 11 am. Customers can shop for weekly groceries, find unique gifts made by local artisans, and enjoy musical talents.The Senior Nutrition Farmer’s Market Program is available in both locations. Those 60 and older can receive vouchers to purchase produce from participating vendors. Contact the Barton County Health Department or the Cottonwood Extension office in Hays to see if you qualify.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Farmer’s market season, shop local

Years ago, we had a wren house hung under the eaves just outside my office window. We watched a pair of wrens raise a family there for a couple years, then they never returned. I took the old tattered house down and didn’t have a wren house for a while. Two years ago, I got a pattern from a friend who is a very avid back-yard birder. I build two new houses, hung one at the same place outside my office window, and the other under the eaves of our workshop. We had no renters last year, and this spring, I guess a robin decided the house on the shop would make a nice two-story condo, and built a nest on the roof. She raised 3 chicks up there, but still no wrens. I’m suspicious they might not like the location any more because of the plethora of Baltimore Orioles we now feed nearby.

House wrens are cocky, brownish little birds with long pointy beaks that can easily be recognized by the way their tails point upward at a jaunty little angle. Next to Purple Martins, House Wrens seem to be the second most popular backyard songbird home owners like to provide with housing. Having wintered in the south, male wrens arrive here several days before the females, around mid-April, intent upon staking out their territories early and having a nice selection of summer homes for the ladies to choose from when they arrive. They take very well to the homes we provide for them, but wrens have been seen nesting in many places other than those nifty houses we build. Their nests have been found in overturned flower pots in garden sheds, in the small hole in the center of a ball of twine, in a large abandoned hornet’s nest, in old shoes, boots and hats, and in the pocket of a scare crow’s coat. The style of the house doesn’t seem to be important, as long as the interior is kept fairly small, as wrens are cavity nesters and feel secure in small tight places. I found directions showing entrance holes anywhere from 7/8 to 1 1/8 inches in diameter. Smaller holes keep out starlings, sparrows and other bigger birds. I found results of a study suggesting that slotted holes seem to work well and are evidently appreciated by the males, as slots allow them easier access into the house with nesting materials in their mouths.

When the male arrives (often to the same general nesting area each year,) he chooses more than one nesting site and immediately sets about stuffing them all full of sticks and twigs. After he has successfully wooed a female, she makes her choice from the options he’s provided and adds a lining of feathers, hair or wool to his bachelor pad and moves in. Male wrens are known to literally stuff these chosen sites so full of material that the female has to remove some just to get inside. One writer had watched a male wren in her backyard as he crammed a house so full of sticks they stuck out the hole. When the female arrived, she threw most of it back out into a pile on the ground below. While she was gone to hunt for suitable lining material, the male put one of his precious twigs back inside, and when the female arrived back, she again threw the stick out into the pile. I guess it’s that “When mammas happy everyone’s happy” thing.

Wrens often raise 2 broods a year. Five to eight tiny ½ inch eggs are laid, 13 to 15 days later, the hungry youngsters hatch, and 12 to 18 days after hatching are ready to fly from the nest. A wren’s diet is primarily insects and for those 12 to 18 days the parents’ life is put on hold as they strive to keep a house full of ravenous little insect guzzlers fed. One observer (who had way too much time on their hands and obviously a worse social life

than even I) counted over 1000 feeding trips made by a pair of wrens in one day! Just one of many good reasons to place wren houses near your garden.

A friend recently told me there seems to be a little controversy whether to clean wren houses or not. All my research shows that wren houses SHOULD be cleaned out each fall after the birds are done with them for the year. Cleaning helps rid them of any parasites, and removes any old nesting debris and anything else leftover after raising a couple families of hungry chicks.

I used to scoff at back-yard birders, but now I spend time on our deck most mornings with binoculars and a Kansas bird book handy, listening and learning to identify all the finches, orioles and other songbirds that frequent our seed and jelly feeders. Beautiful, colorful back-yard songbirds, yet more reminders of God’s marvelous Creation…Continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors.

Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STEVE GILLILAND Exploring Kansas OutdoorsYears ago, we had a wren house hung under the eaves just outside my office window. We watched a pair of wrens raise a family there for a couple years, then they never returned. I took the old tattered house down and didn’t have a wren house for a while. Two years ago, I got a pattern from a friend who is a very avid back-yard birder. I build two new houses, hung one at the same place outside my office window, and the other under the eaves of our workshop. We had no renters last year, and this spring, I guess a robin decided the house on the shop would make a nice two-story condo, and built a nest on the roof. She raised 3 chicks up there, but still no wrens. I’m suspicious they might not like the location any more because of the plethora of Baltimore Orioles we now feed nearby.House wrens are cocky, brownish little birds with long pointy beaks that can easily be recognized by the way their tails point upward at a jaunty little angle. Next to Purple Martins, House Wrens seem to be the second most popular backyard songbird home owners like to provide with housing. Having wintered in the south, male wrens arrive here several days before the females, around mid-April, intent upon staking out their territories early and having a nice selection of summer homes for the ladies to choose from when they arrive. They take very well to the homes we provide for them, but wrens have been seen nesting in many places other than those nifty houses we build. Their nests have been found in overturned flower pots in garden sheds, in the small hole in the center of a ball of twine, in a large abandoned hornet’s nest, in old shoes, boots and hats, and in the pocket of a scare crow’s coat. The style of the house doesn’t seem to be important, as long as the interior is kept fairly small, as wrens are cavity nesters and feel secure in small tight places. I found directions showing entrance holes anywhere from 7/8 to 1 1/8 inches in diameter. Smaller holes keep out starlings, sparrows and other bigger birds. I found results of a study suggesting that slotted holes seem to work well and are evidently appreciated by the males, as slots allow them easier access into the house with nesting materials in their mouths.When the male arrives (often to the same general nesting area each year,) he chooses more than one nesting site and immediately sets about stuffing them all full of sticks and twigs. After he has successfully wooed a female, she makes her choice from the options he’s provided and adds a lining of feathers, hair or wool to his bachelor pad and moves in. Male wrens are known to literally stuff these chosen sites so full of material that the female has to remove some just to get inside. One writer had watched a male wren in her backyard as he crammed a house so full of sticks they stuck out the hole. When the female arrived, she threw most of it back out into a pile on the ground below. While she was gone to hunt for suitable lining material, the male put one of his precious twigs back inside, and when the female arrived back, she again threw the stick out into the pile. I guess it’s that “When mammas happy everyone’s happy” thing.Wrens often raise 2 broods a year. Five to eight tiny ½ inch eggs are laid, 13 to 15 days later, the hungry youngsters hatch, and 12 to 18 days after hatching are ready to fly from the nest. A wren’s diet is primarily insects and for those 12 to 18 days the parents’ life is put on hold as they strive to keep a house full of ravenous little insect guzzlers fed. One observer (who had way too much time on their hands and obviously a worse social lifethan even I) counted over 1000 feeding trips made by a pair of wrens in one day! Just one of many good reasons to place wren houses near your garden.A friend recently told me there seems to be a little controversy whether to clean wren houses or not. All my research shows that wren houses SHOULD be cleaned out each fall after the birds are done with them for the year. Cleaning helps rid them of any parasites, and removes any old nesting debris and anything else leftover after raising a couple families of hungry chicks.I used to scoff at back-yard birders, but now I spend time on our deck most mornings with binoculars and a Kansas bird book handy, listening and learning to identify all the finches, orioles and other songbirds that frequent our seed and jelly feeders. Beautiful, colorful back-yard songbirds, yet more reminders of God’s marvelous Creation…Continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors.Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Exploring Kansas Outdoors: Spring wrens…sometimes

Joseph B. Lantz IV filed as a Democratic candidate for the 111th District of the Kansas House of Representatives.

Lantz, an Ellis Country resident since April 2019, has been a police officer at the Hays Police Department since July 2019. Prior to joining the Hays Police Department, Lantz was a paralegal in the U.S. Army Reserve and had mobilized to Kuwait in 2016. Lantz is married and has one child.

Lantz commented that he has always been interested in running for office but made the decision at the last minute to run for state representative so District 111 had a choice. 

“Our district needs common sense leadership, someone who will address the critical needs of the district. I felt I had a responsibility to run. We deserve to have ten candidates to choose from. Prior to putting my name in, we would have been left with only one," Lantz said. 

* Expanding KANCARE-Medicaid. Failure to expand KANCARE-Medicaid was a decision that cost Hays Medical Center and the citizens of Hays millions of dollars.

* Promoting requirements for employers to provide paid maternity and paternity leave.

* Addressing the lack of affordable childcare across KS.

* Fully funding K-12 schools and higher education institutions.

* Promoting increases to teacher salaries.

* Increasing the state minimum wage, which hasn’t been increased since 2008.

* Preserving access to safe abortions for women in KS.

* Supporting services that provide relief to victims of crimes and domestic violence.

* Supporting local law enforcement agencies while also providing more funding for public defenders

Lantz stated he intends to be the clear choice for parents, educators, and the working class. Lantz hopes to promote policies that alleviate poverty across the state and expand the middle class.

SubmittedJoseph B. Lantz IV filed as a Democratic candidate for the 111th District of the Kansas House of Representatives.Lantz, an Ellis Country resident since April 2019, has been a police officer at the Hays Police Department since July 2019. Prior to joining the Hays Police Department, Lantz was a paralegal in the U.S. Army Reserve and had mobilized to Kuwait in 2016. Lantz is married and has one child.Lantz commented that he has always been interested in running for office but made the decision at the last minute to run for state representative so District 111 had a choice. “Our district needs common sense leadership, someone who will address the critical needs of the district. I felt I had a responsibility to run. We deserve to have ten candidates to choose from. Prior to putting my name in, we would have been left with only one," Lantz said. His priorities for our district are:* Expanding KANCARE-Medicaid. Failure to expand KANCARE-Medicaid was a decision that cost Hays Medical Center and the citizens of Hays millions of dollars.* Promoting requirements for employers to provide paid maternity and paternity leave.* Addressing the lack of affordable childcare across KS.* Fully funding K-12 schools and higher education institutions.* Promoting increases to teacher salaries.* Increasing the state minimum wage, which hasn’t been increased since 2008.* Preserving access to safe abortions for women in KS.* Supporting services that provide relief to victims of crimes and domestic violence.* Supporting local law enforcement agencies while also providing more funding for public defendersLantz stated he intends to be the clear choice for parents, educators, and the working class. Lantz hopes to promote policies that alleviate poverty across the state and expand the middle class.

Lantz Files for Kansas House District 111

Two weeks ago, my newspaper article was on performance of N-fixing products in crop production. N-Fixing organisms, usually species of bacteria, have the ability to ‘fix’ nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere where it is abundant as N2 gas, and convert it to plant available N. Legumes such as soybeans, and alfalfa are able to do this.

Lately, biological-based products have been marketed to enhance crop production. One class of products essentially consists of seed inoculants whose marketers claim they will either infect the seed, which enables them to perform N-Fixation functions similar to Rhizobia in legumes, or to inhabit the immediate soil outside the root (the rhizosphere) and use plant-root exudates as food-stuffs, enabling the N-fixing organisms to fix N from the air.

Trials to determine the yield benefit from one or more of these products added to different rates of N fertilizer were conducted by researchers from most of the land-grant universities in the North Central Region of the U.S. through the 2022 growing season to determine their possible value to farmers. If you missed that article go to Hays or Great Bend Post and type my name into search posts.

One of the results of publishing the compilation of research trials has been an opening of communication by the lead author with other startups of N-fixing organisms in the US and in Europe. The author has visited with representatives and scientists from these industries, and has discussed with them what might be done to improve their chances in the marketplace when they decide the product is ready to sell. The discussions always settled on four points. The N-fixing bacteria are living organisms:

The organisms need to be kept alive through transportation and storage intervals between manufacturer, shipper, warehouses, distributor, dealer, and finally on farm storage before use. There should be a method of analysis developed to determine whether the organism is alive and functioning in the soil/plant after application. The organism should be able to ‘win a war’ with other native microorganisms in order to survive and perform its function. The organism should be adapted to variable moisture, variable soil pH and variable soil salts in order to perform its function.

Although the firms that manufacture these products were convinced that when the product left the point of manufacture, that the organisms are alive, they all are concerned of the viability by the time they reached the point of field application.

Presently, according to industry people that the author of the research compilation has visited with, there are no quick assays or analyses available to determine whether the organisms in the container, in the soil or plant are alive and functioning in the manner they need to function to benefit the end- user. These tests need to be developed to support the product and provide confidence to the farmer that the product is performing.

To date, land-grant researchers associated with the Committee of Specialized Soil Amendments and Products, Growth Stimulants, and Soil Fertility Management Programs have found a low frequency of N fertilizer rate replacement from the application of commercial N-Fixing bacterial products to corn. It is possible that future related products might be beneficial if manufacturers consider ways to maintain viability of the organisms from point of production to point of field application, are able to assay organism activity in the field, and screen organisms for their ability to compete with other soil organisms and remain active in a wide range of possible soil environments.

Farmers should strive to be curious regarding new products, but also to be skeptical; testing products of interest in replicated trials on their farms.

If you would like to discuss or have questions on how to conduct replicated trials on your farms, feel free to give me a call 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictTwo weeks ago, my newspaper article was on performance of N-fixing products in crop production. N-Fixing organisms, usually species of bacteria, have the ability to ‘fix’ nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere where it is abundant as N2 gas, and convert it to plant available N. Legumes such as soybeans, and alfalfa are able to do this.Lately, biological-based products have been marketed to enhance crop production. One class of products essentially consists of seed inoculants whose marketers claim they will either infect the seed, which enables them to perform N-Fixation functions similar to Rhizobia in legumes, or to inhabit the immediate soil outside the root (the rhizosphere) and use plant-root exudates as food-stuffs, enabling the N-fixing organisms to fix N from the air.Trials to determine the yield benefit from one or more of these products added to different rates of N fertilizer were conducted by researchers from most of the land-grant universities in the North Central Region of the U.S. through the 2022 growing season to determine their possible value to farmers. If you missed that article go to Hays or Great Bend Post and type my name into search posts.One of the results of publishing the compilation of research trials has been an opening of communication by the lead author with other startups of N-fixing organisms in the US and in Europe. The author has visited with representatives and scientists from these industries, and has discussed with them what might be done to improve their chances in the marketplace when they decide the product is ready to sell. The discussions always settled on four points. The N-fixing bacteria are living organisms:The organisms need to be kept alive through transportation and storage intervals between manufacturer, shipper, warehouses, distributor, dealer, and finally on farm storage before use. There should be a method of analysis developed to determine whether the organism is alive and functioning in the soil/plant after application. The organism should be able to ‘win a war’ with other native microorganisms in order to survive and perform its function. The organism should be adapted to variable moisture, variable soil pH and variable soil salts in order to perform its function.Although the firms that manufacture these products were convinced that when the product left the point of manufacture, that the organisms are alive, they all are concerned of the viability by the time they reached the point of field application.Presently, according to industry people that the author of the research compilation has visited with, there are no quick assays or analyses available to determine whether the organisms in the container, in the soil or plant are alive and functioning in the manner they need to function to benefit the end- user. These tests need to be developed to support the product and provide confidence to the farmer that the product is performing.To date, land-grant researchers associated with the Committee of Specialized Soil Amendments and Products, Growth Stimulants, and Soil Fertility Management Programs have found a low frequency of N fertilizer rate replacement from the application of commercial N-Fixing bacterial products to corn. It is possible that future related products might be beneficial if manufacturers consider ways to maintain viability of the organisms from point of production to point of field application, are able to assay organism activity in the field, and screen organisms for their ability to compete with other soil organisms and remain active in a wide range of possible soil environments.Farmers should strive to be curious regarding new products, but also to be skeptical; testing products of interest in replicated trials on their farms.If you would like to discuss or have questions on how to conduct replicated trials on your farms, feel free to give me a call 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Performance of N-Fixing products in crop production conclusions

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

This past week, Tamara and I had the opportunity to take seven Cottonwood 4-H Youth to Discovery Days at K-State. This three-day event lets 4-H youth from 13-18 explore career ideas, expand project knowledge, and experience navigating campus for a variety of classes. Additionally, they experience staying in the dorms and meals at the dining center. It is a great time to meet new friends, catch up with 4-H members from across the state, and have fun!

For the past few years, a special event has been scheduled to coincide with Discovery Days. Emerald Circle recognizes the top project record in each of the 4-H project categories. A special reception is held for award winners and their families along with Kansas 4-H Foundation donors. Following the reception, all of the Discovery Day participants are invited to celebrate the award winners and hear an address focused on leadership.

Project records are an important part of 4-H learning opportunities and progress from evaluation at a local level to regional competition. From the regional competition, one record book from each project area is promoted to state competition so the quality level of these project records is very high!

Jonas Kern is a member of the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club and is the state project award winner for the Wildlife project. Evaluators at every level were very impressed with his level of activity and leadership across this project. As a Kansas 4-H Project Award winner, Jonas is invited to attend the 2024 National 4-H Congress to be held in Atlanta GA in November.

Jonas is a 10-year 4-H member and involved in a wide variety of projects from meat goats to fiber arts to leadership to, of course, wildlife! His parents are Joseph and Amanda Kern and his siblings are Russell and Maggie. Please join me in congratulating Jonas on this excellent accomplishment!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179500533.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictThis past week, Tamara and I had the opportunity to take seven Cottonwood 4-H Youth to Discovery Days at K-State. This three-day event lets 4-H youth from 13-18 explore career ideas, expand project knowledge, and experience navigating campus for a variety of classes. Additionally, they experience staying in the dorms and meals at the dining center. It is a great time to meet new friends, catch up with 4-H members from across the state, and have fun!For the past few years, a special event has been scheduled to coincide with Discovery Days. Emerald Circle recognizes the top project record in each of the 4-H project categories. A special reception is held for award winners and their families along with Kansas 4-H Foundation donors. Following the reception, all of the Discovery Day participants are invited to celebrate the award winners and hear an address focused on leadership.Project records are an important part of 4-H learning opportunities and progress from evaluation at a local level to regional competition. From the regional competition, one record book from each project area is promoted to state competition so the quality level of these project records is very high!Jonas Kern is a member of the Ellinwood Energizers 4-H Club and is the state project award winner for the Wildlife project. Evaluators at every level were very impressed with his level of activity and leadership across this project. As a Kansas 4-H Project Award winner, Jonas is invited to attend the 2024 National 4-H Congress to be held in Atlanta GA in November.Jonas is a 10-year 4-H member and involved in a wide variety of projects from meat goats to fiber arts to leadership to, of course, wildlife! His parents are Joseph and Amanda Kern and his siblings are Russell and Maggie. Please join me in congratulating Jonas on this excellent accomplishment!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Emerald circle

By TISA MASON Fort Hays State University President

HAYS, Kan. - Since its early days as a “normal school,” or teacher’s college, FHSU has gone by several names: Western Branch of the Kansas Normal School, Fort Hays State Kansas State Normal School, Kansas State Teachers College of Hays, and Fort Hays State College. One central fact that has been at the core of all these changes is that Fort Hays State has been training teachers for more than 120 years. Our Department of Teacher Education signs nearly 1,000 teaching license applications annually.

Rising senior Josie Gage, a pathfinding future teacher, is from Maple City in Cowley County, Kansas. She knew at an early age that she learned best and thoroughly enjoyed hands-on learning, especially building things out of wood in shop class.

“I made all sorts of furniture in high school shop class,” Josie said. “I made a nightstand, a dresser, and bookshelves. For my senior project, I designed and built my own desk.”

Initially, Josie wanted to be an architecture major and began her college career with this in mind. She quickly realized the program would not be as hands-on or give her the opportunity to make the impact she wanted.

“The first year in the program mostly involved manual drafting and learning the basic principles of architecture,” Josie said.

Her desire to make an impact on others was a big factor in her decision to transfer. She thought she might be able to make that impact as a teacher. Josie shared her frustration with her boss in the Architecture Department’s construction shop, where she worked as a student employee. Like her high school shop teacher, her boss happened to be a graduate of FHSU’s Applied Technology program.

Josie decided that she wanted to be a shop teacher because she’d seen through her own experiences that it can be a daunting subject for most students. “My goal is to change that for my students, no matter how long they are in my classroom,” Josie said.

She had heard about the FHSU program from her high school shop teacher. When Josie visited FHSU with her dad and brother, she loved what she found.

I call Josie a pathfinder for several reasons. She is currently the only female enrolled in the technology and engineering program and in a degree track that will lead to becoming a teacher.

She is also a pathfinder in how she dove into a student leadership role in the Applied Technology Department.

Since transferring to FHSU in 2022, she has served as an officer in the university’s Technology and Engineering Education Collegiate Association (TEECA) chapter. Josie then successfully applied to join TEECA’s National Student Officer Team and served as the President-Elect for the 2023-2024 school year, where she helped organize TEECA events for the annual International

Technology and Engineering Educators (ITEEA) conference in Memphis, Tennessee. She will serve as president for the 2024-2025 academic year and will be leading the team to prepare for the 2025 ITEEA conference in St. Louis, Missouri.

Zach Pixler, an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Technology, said this of Josie: “She has become an integral part of our organization. Her work ethic, attention to detail, and organization skills, along with her ability to foster positive relationships with her peers, make her a very strong leader.”

This remarkable young woman is also a pathfinder in the way she has represented FHSU in typically male-dominated national competitions in her chosen discipline. At the most recent ITEEA conference in March, she was awarded the ITEEA Foundation Undergraduate Scholarship and earned National Champion honors in the Teaching Lesson competition. Her winning lesson involved amplifying the soundwaves from a cell phone playing Elvis Presley's music by placing the phone in a laser-cut all-wood box amplifier.

Josie looks forward to the opportunity to make a difference in her classroom, community, and professional field. This fall, she will complete a 40-hour internship observing a shop teacher in a secondary school. Next spring, Josie will complete her capstone student teaching experience. She wants to do that close to Hays so she can remain involved in TEECA and her Applied Technology community at FHSU.

Josie will graduate in May 2025. She is very well-prepared for her career and ready to serve where she is most needed. And thanks to FHSU’s commitment to affordability and several scholarships Josie earned, including the Kansas Board of Regents funded Kansas Teacher Service Scholarship, she will graduate debt-free.

“I really want to get through college debt-free. And as it stands now, I'm gonna make it,” Josie said.

Originally, Josie didn’t see herself as a pathfinder. She picked this academic degree and career path because she just wanted to be happy. Since then, she’s realized the great need for role models like her in technology education, especially for women.

“I want to show my students that a career involving building cool stuff is a great choice, but one that involves teaching students to become builders themselves is an even better one.”

Simply put, Josie wants to serve as a champion for promoting teaching technology and engineering education as a rewarding career choice.

“Even if I never find someone like me in this field, I still want to be that example for others,” Josie said. “I know that as a teacher, I will have the power to change the lives of my students, and with my experiences at FHSU, I will be ready for that challenge.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON Fort Hays State University PresidentHAYS, Kan. - Since its early days as a “normal school,” or teacher’s college, FHSU has gone by several names: Western Branch of the Kansas Normal School, Fort Hays State Kansas State Normal School, Kansas State Teachers College of Hays, and Fort Hays State College. One central fact that has been at the core of all these changes is that Fort Hays State has been training teachers for more than 120 years. Our Department of Teacher Education signs nearly 1,000 teaching license applications annually.Rising senior Josie Gage, a pathfinding future teacher, is from Maple City in Cowley County, Kansas. She knew at an early age that she learned best and thoroughly enjoyed hands-on learning, especially building things out of wood in shop class.“I made all sorts of furniture in high school shop class,” Josie said. “I made a nightstand, a dresser, and bookshelves. For my senior project, I designed and built my own desk.”Initially, Josie wanted to be an architecture major and began her college career with this in mind. She quickly realized the program would not be as hands-on or give her the opportunity to make the impact she wanted.“The first year in the program mostly involved manual drafting and learning the basic principles of architecture,” Josie said.Her desire to make an impact on others was a big factor in her decision to transfer. She thought she might be able to make that impact as a teacher. Josie shared her frustration with her boss in the Architecture Department’s construction shop, where she worked as a student employee. Like her high school shop teacher, her boss happened to be a graduate of FHSU’s Applied Technology program.Josie decided that she wanted to be a shop teacher because she’d seen through her own experiences that it can be a daunting subject for most students. “My goal is to change that for my students, no matter how long they are in my classroom,” Josie said.She had heard about the FHSU program from her high school shop teacher. When Josie visited FHSU with her dad and brother, she loved what she found.I call Josie a pathfinder for several reasons. She is currently the only female enrolled in the technology and engineering program and in a degree track that will lead to becoming a teacher.She is also a pathfinder in how she dove into a student leadership role in the Applied Technology Department.Since transferring to FHSU in 2022, she has served as an officer in the university’s Technology and Engineering Education Collegiate Association (TEECA) chapter. Josie then successfully applied to join TEECA’s National Student Officer Team and served as the President-Elect for the 2023-2024 school year, where she helped organize TEECA events for the annual InternationalTechnology and Engineering Educators (ITEEA) conference in Memphis, Tennessee. She will serve as president for the 2024-2025 academic year and will be leading the team to prepare for the 2025 ITEEA conference in St. Louis, Missouri.Zach Pixler, an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Technology, said this of Josie: “She has become an integral part of our organization. Her work ethic, attention to detail, and organization skills, along with her ability to foster positive relationships with her peers, make her a very strong leader.”This remarkable young woman is also a pathfinder in the way she has represented FHSU in typically male-dominated national competitions in her chosen discipline. At the most recent ITEEA conference in March, she was awarded the ITEEA Foundation Undergraduate Scholarship and earned National Champion honors in the Teaching Lesson competition. Her winning lesson involved amplifying the soundwaves from a cell phone playing Elvis Presley's music by placing the phone in a laser-cut all-wood box amplifier.Josie looks forward to the opportunity to make a difference in her classroom, community, and professional field. This fall, she will complete a 40-hour internship observing a shop teacher in a secondary school. Next spring, Josie will complete her capstone student teaching experience. She wants to do that close to Hays so she can remain involved in TEECA and her Applied Technology community at FHSU.Josie will graduate in May 2025. She is very well-prepared for her career and ready to serve where she is most needed. And thanks to FHSU’s commitment to affordability and several scholarships Josie earned, including the Kansas Board of Regents funded Kansas Teacher Service Scholarship, she will graduate debt-free.“I really want to get through college debt-free. And as it stands now, I'm gonna make it,” Josie said.Originally, Josie didn’t see herself as a pathfinder. She picked this academic degree and career path because she just wanted to be happy. Since then, she’s realized the great need for role models like her in technology education, especially for women.“I want to show my students that a career involving building cool stuff is a great choice, but one that involves teaching students to become builders themselves is an even better one.”Simply put, Josie wants to serve as a champion for promoting teaching technology and engineering education as a rewarding career choice.“Even if I never find someone like me in this field, I still want to be that example for others,” Josie said. “I know that as a teacher, I will have the power to change the lives of my students, and with my experiences at FHSU, I will be ready for that challenge.”

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