Well over half of the farmland in Kansas is leased. The person who owns the land doesn’t farm it. As such, agricultural leases are very crucial to most producers. Additionally, many agricultural leases are oral agreements. There is no written and signed lease agreement, it’s word of mouth and a handshake. Roughly forty years ago about 90% of all ag leases were oral. It’s now a lower percentage of that, but there are still many oral leases. Kansas statutes recognize oral ag leases as legal and binding, BUT there are numerous stipulations that govern them.

All oral leases are annual leases that run from March 1 to March 1 and renew automatically unless they are properly terminated. For a lease to be properly terminated it must meet three requirements. First, the notice to terminate must be in writing. Furthermore, it must state that the termination date is March 1 and the notice must be in the tenant’s hands 30 days prior to March 1. Any attempt to terminate a lease that does not meet these three criteria is not legally binding and the lease continues for another year at the terms agreed upon for the previous year.

January is when many leases are renegotiated. It is important to get these negotiations wrapped up soon because if the tenant and landlord cannot agree on new terms, notice needs to be given 30 days prior to March 1st. Kansas statutes treat pasture or range land the same as crop land.

Written leases can state other dates and contain many other stipulations into use of the land. But with an oral lease, in the eyes of the law, the tenant has full control for the entire year of that land including hunting rights. Which are some of the reasons why Extension really encourages written leases!

There are some considerations and exceptions that I need to note. If wheat was already planted on the farmland at the time that proper notice of termination was given, the tenant still has the right to harvest that wheat. Cash rent will be paid as per the prior year’s lease or expenses and crop shared at the previously agreed upon terms. For those acres planted to wheat the lease ends when the crop is harvested. If a perennial forage crop such as alfalfa was planted last fall and a stand was established, then the landowner owes the tenant for all seed, fertilizer, etc., that was used to establish that perennial crop.

The other area that may cause some issues is in fields that will be planted to spring crops. Some of these fields may have already been fertilized this past fall after harvest. Some may even have had herbicides put on for early season weed control pre-plant. If the tenant has applied these inputs and then is terminated properly by the landlord, the landlord owes the tenant for the fertilizer and/or weed control in addition to standard application charges. For cash rent leases that would be the full amount of the inputs applied, for crop share leases it would be the share that the tenant has paid for.

Lastly to avoid terminating leases—communication is so vitally important for both parties to visit at least a few times a year. By doing this hopefully questions and concerns can be talked about and addressed before they become problems.

For further information on leasing agricultural land go to www.agmanager.info click onto the Farm Management tab. Also, you can contact your local County or District Extension Office. The Cottonwood Extension Offices, Hays 785-628-9430 and Great Bend 620-793-1910.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Well over half of the farmland in Kansas is leased. The person who owns the land doesn’t farm it. As such, agricultural leases are very crucial to most producers. Additionally, many agricultural leases are oral agreements. There is no written and signed lease agreement, it’s word of mouth and a handshake. Roughly forty years ago about 90% of all ag leases were oral. It’s now a lower percentage of that, but there are still many oral leases. Kansas statutes recognize oral ag leases as legal and binding, BUT there are numerous stipulations that govern them.All oral leases are annual leases that run from March 1 to March 1 and renew automatically unless they are properly terminated. For a lease to be properly terminated it must meet three requirements. First, the notice to terminate must be in writing. Furthermore, it must state that the termination date is March 1 and the notice must be in the tenant’s hands 30 days prior to March 1. Any attempt to terminate a lease that does not meet these three criteria is not legally binding and the lease continues for another year at the terms agreed upon for the previous year.January is when many leases are renegotiated. It is important to get these negotiations wrapped up soon because if the tenant and landlord cannot agree on new terms, notice needs to be given 30 days prior to March 1st. Kansas statutes treat pasture or range land the same as crop land.Written leases can state other dates and contain many other stipulations into use of the land. But with an oral lease, in the eyes of the law, the tenant has full control for the entire year of that land including hunting rights. Which are some of the reasons why Extension really encourages written leases!There are some considerations and exceptions that I need to note. If wheat was already planted on the farmland at the time that proper notice of termination was given, the tenant still has the right to harvest that wheat. Cash rent will be paid as per the prior year’s lease or expenses and crop shared at the previously agreed upon terms. For those acres planted to wheat the lease ends when the crop is harvested. If a perennial forage crop such as alfalfa was planted last fall and a stand was established, then the landowner owes the tenant for all seed, fertilizer, etc., that was used to establish that perennial crop.The other area that may cause some issues is in fields that will be planted to spring crops. Some of these fields may have already been fertilized this past fall after harvest. Some may even have had herbicides put on for early season weed control pre-plant. If the tenant has applied these inputs and then is terminated properly by the landlord, the landlord owes the tenant for the fertilizer and/or weed control in addition to standard application charges. For cash rent leases that would be the full amount of the inputs applied, for crop share leases it would be the share that the tenant has paid for.Lastly to avoid terminating leases—communication is so vitally important for both parties to visit at least a few times a year. By doing this hopefully questions and concerns can be talked about and addressed before they become problems.For further information on leasing agricultural land go to www.agmanager.info click onto the Farm Management tab. Also, you can contact your local County or District Extension Office. The Cottonwood Extension Offices, Hays 785-628-9430 and Great Bend 620-793-1910.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Agricultural lease deadline

Driving around town in January, expect to spot the Christmas tree mulch site. Some old trees tossed willy-nilly inside bright orange snow-fence still sport shiny tinsel, forlorn remains of holiday décor. The tugs at my heartstrings shouldn’t surprise me since discarded Christmas trees never fail to trigger brief sorrow.

I had to ask why this sight causes such a reaction. Part of it involves acknowledging another year has passed. Flipping a calendar page doesn’t affect me nearly as strongly as that stack of evergreens waiting to pass through a mulcher. Seeing wood chips instead of trees forces me to accept the date I write on checks.

The greatest reason this discard pile tilts my emotional Richter scale has to do with Christmas associations. Early memories center on Christmas trees. Bright bulbs, sparkling tinsel, and my mother’s collection of old ornaments fascinated me. As a tot, I treasured holding sparkling birds and delicate bulbs in my tiny palm before Mom gently hung them from a branch. Even then, I understood these recorded family stories.

Mom decorated modest evergreens that fit in various tiny living rooms over the years, but trips to Grandma’s meant blue lights and bulbs on a big aluminum tree. Other seasons, a rotating light wheel hypnotized me with its rainbow of ever-changing color reflecting off a snow-white tree. Grandma enjoyed variety.

As an adult with my own daughters, I preferred modest evergreens similar to those my parents selected. For years, the girls and I tramped Pinney Pines’ fields following Thanksgiving. We searched exhaustively for a tree containing a bird nest because lore said that brought good luck in the new year.

Often, we slogged over swampy ground until mud-covered blobs coated our shoes before we found the treasure we sought. After Mr. Pinney cut it, we carried our treasure home only to discover lop-sided branches or a crooked trunk. Who cared because it had a bird nest? My husband, whose job it was to fit the tree in the stand, did. More than once, he wished we’d find more balanced showcases for beloved ornaments.

After he secured the tree in its stand, wrapping it in lights and hanging ornaments captured the girls’ and my attention. As years pass, I treasure this moment more intensely. Opening our ornament box reminds me of raising the lid on a sacred chest of memory. Wrinkles, weight, and gray hair fall away until I am a new bride decorating a tiny tree with homemade ornaments and one store bought trinket I pinched pennies to buy. Baubles depicting babies, pets, new trucks, ballerinas, mules, horses, Santa fishing, and new homes commemorate lifetime landmarks. Sitting in the dark with only Christmas lights shining creates the perfect setting to give thanks for each ornament and its associated memories.

A sage once said, “One can’t experience joy if one doesn’t know sadness.” This statement describes our Christmas tree perfectly. If putting away ornaments and taking the tree down didn’t sadden me, I wouldn’t feel near the joy putting it up and hanging memories that celebrate a lifetime of joys.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158605319.jpeg" alt="Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>Driving around town in January, expect to spot the Christmas tree mulch site. Some old trees tossed willy-nilly inside bright orange snow-fence still sport shiny tinsel, forlorn remains of holiday décor. The tugs at my heartstrings shouldn’t surprise me since discarded Christmas trees never fail to trigger brief sorrow.I had to ask why this sight causes such a reaction. Part of it involves acknowledging another year has passed. Flipping a calendar page doesn’t affect me nearly as strongly as that stack of evergreens waiting to pass through a mulcher. Seeing wood chips instead of trees forces me to accept the date I write on checks.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1703195478779.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The greatest reason this discard pile tilts my emotional Richter scale has to do with Christmas associations. Early memories center on Christmas trees. Bright bulbs, sparkling tinsel, and my mother’s collection of old ornaments fascinated me. As a tot, I treasured holding sparkling birds and delicate bulbs in my tiny palm before Mom gently hung them from a branch. Even then, I understood these recorded family stories.Mom decorated modest evergreens that fit in various tiny living rooms over the years, but trips to Grandma’s meant blue lights and bulbs on a big aluminum tree. Other seasons, a rotating light wheel hypnotized me with its rainbow of ever-changing color reflecting off a snow-white tree. Grandma enjoyed variety.As an adult with my own daughters, I preferred modest evergreens similar to those my parents selected. For years, the girls and I tramped Pinney Pines’ fields following Thanksgiving. We searched exhaustively for a tree containing a bird nest because lore said that brought good luck in the new year.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1703195508053.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Often, we slogged over swampy ground until mud-covered blobs coated our shoes before we found the treasure we sought. After Mr. Pinney cut it, we carried our treasure home only to discover lop-sided branches or a crooked trunk. Who cared because it had a bird nest? My husband, whose job it was to fit the tree in the stand, did. More than once, he wished we’d find more balanced showcases for beloved ornaments.After he secured the tree in its stand, wrapping it in lights and hanging ornaments captured the girls’ and my attention. As years pass, I treasure this moment more intensely. Opening our ornament box reminds me of raising the lid on a sacred chest of memory. Wrinkles, weight, and gray hair fall away until I am a new bride decorating a tiny tree with homemade ornaments and one store bought trinket I pinched pennies to buy. Baubles depicting babies, pets, new trucks, ballerinas, mules, horses, Santa fishing, and new homes commemorate lifetime landmarks. Sitting in the dark with only Christmas lights shining creates the perfect setting to give thanks for each ornament and its associated memories.A sage once said, “One can’t experience joy if one doesn’t know sadness.” This statement describes our Christmas tree perfectly. If putting away ornaments and taking the tree down didn’t sadden me, I wouldn’t feel near the joy putting it up and hanging memories that celebrate a lifetime of joys.

MADORIN: Discarded Christmas Trees and Memories

Refresh – Webster’s Dictionary defines refresh as to restore strength and animation, or to restore or maintain by renewing supply.&nbsp;

A book I am reading described busy times, and especially the holidays, as a singer trying to maintain a high note without a breath. I like this analogy as we can get caught in the busyness of any season and forget what it feels like to just stop and rest; to truly refresh.&nbsp;

In our 4-H world, many people don’t realize that the number of tasks, planning, and events are just as busy in October, November, and December as we are during the fair. It is very much trying to maintain that high note without a breath!&nbsp;&nbsp;

In the midst of holiday gatherings, community events, and family activities, I hope that each of you can set aside the lists and hurry to slow down and enjoy the people around you. A friend modeled this over the weekend; she had dozens of tasks on her to-do list but realized that one of her favorite musicals was on tv. She stopped and enjoyed a couple of hours getting caught up in the familiar songs and story. Yes, she still had lots to do but that break helped her to feel refreshed and ready to tackle her list in a different way.&nbsp;

Kids can absolutely help with many tasks on our list. Does it take a little longer? Possibly! But you may also be helping them learn important skills and building memories in ways that you can’t begin to imagine! Will they do it exactly as you would? Maybe not but keep the focus on their help and the learning process.&nbsp;&nbsp;

My own family does things a little differently than I do whether household tasks, yard work, or cooking and I have learned to just roll with it! My husband folds towels differently than I do; it doesn’t make it wrong and, at the end of the day, the towels are folded and put away!&nbsp;&nbsp;

Our offices will be closed from December 23 through January 1 as we also take time to rest and refresh! My holiday wish for each of you is a bit of time to refresh your own spirit and schedule.&nbsp;

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.&nbsp;

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu" target="_blank">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Refresh – Webster’s Dictionary defines refresh as to restore strength and animation, or to restore or maintain by renewing supply.&nbsp;A book I am reading described busy times, and especially the holidays, as a singer trying to maintain a high note without a breath. I like this analogy as we can get caught in the busyness of any season and forget what it feels like to just stop and rest; to truly refresh.&nbsp;In our 4-H world, many people don’t realize that the number of tasks, planning, and events are just as busy in October, November, and December as we are during the fair. It is very much trying to maintain that high note without a breath!&nbsp;&nbsp;In the midst of holiday gatherings, community events, and family activities, I hope that each of you can set aside the lists and hurry to slow down and enjoy the people around you. A friend modeled this over the weekend; she had dozens of tasks on her to-do list but realized that one of her favorite musicals was on tv. She stopped and enjoyed a couple of hours getting caught up in the familiar songs and story. Yes, she still had lots to do but that break helped her to feel refreshed and ready to tackle her list in a different way.&nbsp;Kids can absolutely help with many tasks on our list. Does it take a little longer? Possibly! But you may also be helping them learn important skills and building memories in ways that you can’t begin to imagine! Will they do it exactly as you would? Maybe not but keep the focus on their help and the learning process.&nbsp;&nbsp;My own family does things a little differently than I do whether household tasks, yard work, or cooking and I have learned to just roll with it! My husband folds towels differently than I do; it doesn’t make it wrong and, at the end of the day, the towels are folded and put away!&nbsp;&nbsp;Our offices will be closed from December 23 through January 1 as we also take time to rest and refresh! My holiday wish for each of you is a bit of time to refresh your own spirit and schedule.&nbsp;Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.&nbsp;Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu" target="_blank">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.&nbsp;Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.&nbsp;

BERAN: Refresh

Twas the night before Christmas and all through the house, Not a creature was stirring EXCEPT that darn mouse. It chewed and it rustled so to honor my spouse, I set out some traps for that darn pesky mouse.

We don’t have a chimney, or mantle or poker And the nearest we own to a fireplace is a smoker. Our stockings were all holey and strewn under the bed, So our old hunting boots hung by the smoker instead.

Our puppy was nestled all snug in her bed Under the laundry room table with her stuffed toy named Fred. She quivered and whimpered; to watch her was funny As she dreamed she would finally corral that ol’ bunny.

My pj’s were long johns, all cozy and white And I crawled into bed and turned out the light. Deer season had ended with no deer in the shed So visions of deer jerky danced in my head.

My wife lay beside me in jammies of red She was already dreaming of Claus and his sled, When out in the drive there arose such a ruckus I sprang from my bed to see what had struck us.

I should have known not to “spring” from my bed Cause I busted my big toe and clobbered my head. As I limped up the hallway I grabbed my deer rifle I’d show them I was someone with whom not to trifle!

I peered out the window and what did I see? Why old Santa himself, alive as could be. And there stood old Rudolf in all of his glory, With his nose shining brightly just like in the story.

But all I could see was his head on my wall . With that bright red nose twinkling to brighten my hall. His rack was enormous, at least twenty points, The thought of its score made me weak in my joints

I wanted that rack, whether legal or not, So I eased out the door to line up my shot. I clicked off the safety and steadied myself So I wouldn’t endanger the Jolly Old Elf.

Now remember those traps I’d set out before? Well there happened to be one right by the door. While I tried to be sneaky so no one would know, That trap clamped its jaws around my sore big toe.

I jerked on the trigger and the shot went astray And ended up lodged in the front of the sleigh. The reindeer all spooked and yanked on the sled Dumping St Nick on the floor on his head.

They shot out the drive as slick as a whistle And away they all flew like the down of a thistle, But I heard him exclaim as they drove out of sight Rudolph you blockhead; no more deer hunters tonight!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland</figcaption>
 </figure>Twas the night before Christmas and all through the house, Not a creature was stirring EXCEPT that darn mouse. It chewed and it rustled so to honor my spouse, I set out some traps for that darn pesky mouse.We don’t have a chimney, or mantle or poker And the nearest we own to a fireplace is a smoker. Our stockings were all holey and strewn under the bed, So our old hunting boots hung by the smoker instead.Our puppy was nestled all snug in her bed Under the laundry room table with her stuffed toy named Fred. She quivered and whimpered; to watch her was funny As she dreamed she would finally corral that ol’ bunny. My pj’s were long johns, all cozy and white And I crawled into bed and turned out the light. Deer season had ended with no deer in the shed So visions of deer jerky danced in my head.My wife lay beside me in jammies of red She was already dreaming of Claus and his sled, When out in the drive there arose such a ruckus I sprang from my bed to see what had struck us.I should have known not to “spring” from my bed Cause I busted my big toe and clobbered my head. As I limped up the hallway I grabbed my deer rifle I’d show them I was someone with whom not to trifle!I peered out the window and what did I see? Why old Santa himself, alive as could be. And there stood old Rudolf in all of his glory, With his nose shining brightly just like in the story.But all I could see was his head on my wall . With that bright red nose twinkling to brighten my hall. His rack was enormous, at least twenty points, The thought of its score made me weak in my jointsI wanted that rack, whether legal or not, So I eased out the door to line up my shot. I clicked off the safety and steadied myself So I wouldn’t endanger the Jolly Old Elf.Now remember those traps I’d set out before? Well there happened to be one right by the door. While I tried to be sneaky so no one would know, That trap clamped its jaws around my sore big toe.I jerked on the trigger and the shot went astray And ended up lodged in the front of the sleigh. The reindeer all spooked and yanked on the sled Dumping St Nick on the floor on his head.They shot out the drive as slick as a whistle And away they all flew like the down of a thistle, But I heard him exclaim as they drove out of sight Rudolph you blockhead; no more deer hunters tonight!

Exploring Kansas Outdoors: Twas the Night before Christmas

One of the great themes of the Christmas season is surprise. Every child excited for Christmas morning understands it: the sense of wonder that comes along with an unexpected gift. From a Savior born in a manger to a present that reveals the care of a co-worker or friend, this season is all about surprises.

Politics is rarely characterized by wonder, and it would be wrong to put legislative bills or government actions on the same level as Christmas gifts, whether earthly or divine. Yet, I fear this legitimate caution might lead us to wrongly ignore just how surprising Governor Kelly’s latest proposal for Medicaid expansion really is. This Christmas season, it’s worth reflecting upon--and upon the responses to it from other legislative leaders too.

Everyone knows that Medicaid expansion, something that has been enacted by every state around Kansas and has the support of 70% of all Kansans, has always been Kelly’s largest legislative aim, and also the one which the Republican leadership has been most determined to deny her, regularly refusing to allow votes on the topic, even as a majority of Republicans state-wide agree with the need to expand the policy.

In this latest proposal, Kelly calls the Republican opposition’s bluff, by gifting them concessions on practically all their specific policy objections.

In regards to the objection that Medicaid must be denied to the working poor so as to protect funds earmarked for Kansas’s most vulnerable citizens, the proposal has a work requirement (something that puts our governor at odds with the Biden administration). In regards to objections that Medicaid might be used to support reproductive services which many Kansans morally oppose, the proposal limits any medical support for abortion solely to cases of rape, incest, or where the life of the mother is directly threatened (something that puts our governor at odds with her own Democratic party, and possibly the Kansas Supreme Court as well).

Obviously no policy proposal will ever come through legislative debates and deal-making unscathed, so it’s possible to see these concessions as feints that the governor assumes won’t survive anyway. Republican leaders like Kansas House Speaker Dan Hawkins and Senate President Ty Masterson have both treated it that way, condescendingly praising the governor for validating their concerns but dismissing her proposal as “smoke and mirrors” nonetheless.

That is, I think, an ungenerous response. Why not instead recognize this proposal for what it is: a genuinely remarkable offering, putting some truly surprising options on the negotiating table?

After all, work requirements have a contentious history, with complicated enforcement rules, little track record of success, and deep opposition from welfare advocates. And in the wake of the strong defeat—heavily influenced by young women voters—of the abortion-rights-denying Value Them Both amendment last year, proposing rules that would limit the exercise of those rights seems like the last thing a Democratic politician like Kelly would do. And yet here both of them are, waiting to be torn into by Republican legislators, like wrapped presents beneath a tree.

I think this is the best way to view Governor Kelly’s Medicaid proposal: not as a gambit, but as a gift, a surprising attempt by an outgoing governor to make certain all the elite objections to this overwhelmingly popular policy are heard and met. Unexpected Christmas surprises are not always well-received, and unfortunately, this one likely won’t be either. But in the spirit of the season, we should appreciate it nonetheless.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1586443443315.jpeg" alt="Professor Russell Arben Fox directs the History &amp; Politics major and the Honors program at Friends University in Wichita." />
 <figcaption>Professor Russell Arben Fox directs the History &amp; Politics major and the Honors program at Friends University in Wichita.</figcaption>
 </figure>One of the great themes of the Christmas season is surprise. Every child excited for Christmas morning understands it: the sense of wonder that comes along with an unexpected gift. From a Savior born in a manger to a present that reveals the care of a co-worker or friend, this season is all about surprises.Politics is rarely characterized by wonder, and it would be wrong to put legislative bills or government actions on the same level as Christmas gifts, whether earthly or divine. Yet, I fear this legitimate caution might lead us to wrongly ignore just how surprising Governor Kelly’s latest proposal for Medicaid expansion really is. This Christmas season, it’s worth reflecting upon--and upon the responses to it from other legislative leaders too.Everyone knows that Medicaid expansion, something that has been enacted by every state around Kansas and has the support of 70% of all Kansans, has always been Kelly’s largest legislative aim, and also the one which the Republican leadership has been most determined to deny her, regularly refusing to allow votes on the topic, even as a majority of Republicans state-wide agree with the need to expand the policy.In this latest proposal, Kelly calls the Republican opposition’s bluff, by gifting them concessions on practically all their specific policy objections.In regards to the objection that Medicaid must be denied to the working poor so as to protect funds earmarked for Kansas’s most vulnerable citizens, the proposal has a work requirement (something that puts our governor at odds with the Biden administration). In regards to objections that Medicaid might be used to support reproductive services which many Kansans morally oppose, the proposal limits any medical support for abortion solely to cases of rape, incest, or where the life of the mother is directly threatened (something that puts our governor at odds with her own Democratic party, and possibly the Kansas Supreme Court as well).Obviously no policy proposal will ever come through legislative debates and deal-making unscathed, so it’s possible to see these concessions as feints that the governor assumes won’t survive anyway. Republican leaders like Kansas House Speaker Dan Hawkins and Senate President Ty Masterson have both treated it that way, condescendingly praising the governor for validating their concerns but dismissing her proposal as “smoke and mirrors” nonetheless.That is, I think, an ungenerous response. Why not instead recognize this proposal for what it is: a genuinely remarkable offering, putting some truly surprising options on the negotiating table?After all, work requirements have a contentious history, with complicated enforcement rules, little track record of success, and deep opposition from welfare advocates. And in the wake of the strong defeat—heavily influenced by young women voters—of the abortion-rights-denying Value Them Both amendment last year, proposing rules that would limit the exercise of those rights seems like the last thing a Democratic politician like Kelly would do. And yet here both of them are, waiting to be torn into by Republican legislators, like wrapped presents beneath a tree.I think this is the best way to view Governor Kelly’s Medicaid proposal: not as a gambit, but as a gift, a surprising attempt by an outgoing governor to make certain all the elite objections to this overwhelmingly popular policy are heard and met. Unexpected Christmas surprises are not always well-received, and unfortunately, this one likely won’t be either. But in the spirit of the season, we should appreciate it nonetheless.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Appreciating (or not) a Christmas Medicaid surprise

Did you know that Kansas State University has a “Farm Analyst” program which offers one-on-one consultation, using active farmers, ranchers and extension agents who are trained as K-State Research and Extension analysts. The program has provided assistance to more than 1,000 farm families.

The Farm Analyst program in fact has a long history of helping farm families review their finances and make a financial plan.

A lot of people will work with the farm analyst, when it's better times financially, and they can help them with their budgets to try to figure out how they're going to manage (long term).

Some families, work with a farm analyst annually while others only consult with an analyst when they are looking at an expansion, experiencing a financial difficulty, or making a major change.

A farm analyst will go out to the farm and work with the family for the day, going through all of their finances. This is available to farmers across Kansas or anybody who has a land ownership interest in Kansas.

Analysts use a financial tool called FinPack to build a full financial analysis of the operation. It allows them to look at alternatives side by side and try to consider every aspect of a change someone might be looking at making.

A common scenario is exploring land purchases. The farm analyst person can help analyze a land purchase by taking into consideration the loan, property taxes, acres, and the likely revenue and expenses associated with the purchase.

When producers provide them with the best information that they have. Then, the farm analyst can put together something that can be a tool to make more informed decisions.

To schedule a farm analysis, or for inquiries interested families can call the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Service at 800-321-3276, email kams@ksu.edu or visit www.ksu.edu/kams/

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Did you know that Kansas State University has a “Farm Analyst” program which offers one-on-one consultation, using active farmers, ranchers and extension agents who are trained as K-State Research and Extension analysts. The program has provided assistance to more than 1,000 farm families.The Farm Analyst program in fact has a long history of helping farm families review their finances and make a financial plan.A lot of people will work with the farm analyst, when it's better times financially, and they can help them with their budgets to try to figure out how they're going to manage (long term).Some families, work with a farm analyst annually while others only consult with an analyst when they are looking at an expansion, experiencing a financial difficulty, or making a major change.A farm analyst will go out to the farm and work with the family for the day, going through all of their finances. This is available to farmers across Kansas or anybody who has a land ownership interest in Kansas.Analysts use a financial tool called FinPack to build a full financial analysis of the operation. It allows them to look at alternatives side by side and try to consider every aspect of a change someone might be looking at making.A common scenario is exploring land purchases. The farm analyst person can help analyze a land purchase by taking into consideration the loan, property taxes, acres, and the likely revenue and expenses associated with the purchase.When producers provide them with the best information that they have. Then, the farm analyst can put together something that can be a tool to make more informed decisions.To schedule a farm analysis, or for inquiries interested families can call the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Service at 800-321-3276, email kams@ksu.edu or visit www.ksu.edu/kams/Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

Campbell: Farm analyst program helps Kansas producers make financial decisions

The FHSU Shotgun Team once again proved its prowess in the shooting sports, achieving remarkable success during the fall 2023 season. Notably, the team comprises 36 members, with 20 on the varsity team and 16 on the junior varsity team. With a rich history and a roster of talented athletes, the team has solidified its reputation as one of the finest in the nation.

The team traces its roots to 2005 when six enthusiastic freshmen approached Dr. Duane Shepherd, who then organized and established the FHSU Shotgun Team as a recognized student organization. Since then, the team has amassed an enviable record of accomplishments, including 120 competition wins in the past 18 years.

Under the guidance of Dr. Shepherd and his wife, Teresa, the team has become a force to be reckoned with in the Prairie Circuit Conference, which they created in 2011. This conference has grown to include teams from Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, and South Dakota. FHSU has remarkably won 11 out of the 13 conference championships.

Moreover, the team has shone brightly on the national stage, clinching ten national championships since 2013. These victories span Collegiate Shooting Sports Organizations such as ACUI, SCTP, and NCSSAA, attesting to the team's well-rounded skillset.

Throughout its history, the team has also produced around 40 All-Americans, a testament to the dedication and talent nurtured within its ranks.

The team's success is not without support. For example, in partnership with the Hays City Sportsmen’s Club and inspired by a generous lead gift from Lorena Kellogg and her late husband, Wilmer, the University recently celebrated the opening of the Kellogg Training Center. Other individuals and businesses followed suit and contributed to bringing the project to fruition.

The Kellogg Training Center provides additional resources to build upon the team’s accomplishments. An on-site office provides head coach Jerrod Lies, an FHSU Shotgun Team alum and former assistant coach, a space to meet with and mentor team members and potential recruits. In addition, the new reloading room allows multiple members at a time to reload shells efficiently. With the team firing approximately 90,000 rounds in practice and 75,000 rounds in competition during the fall semester alone, the commitment and investment required for success cannot be understated.

The Fall 2023 season is a testament to the team's unwavering dedication and exceptional talent. The varsity team maintained an impressive record of 6-1, earning first-place honors in six competitions and second place in another. The junior varsity team also displayed outstanding performances, with several second and third-place finishes.

FHSU consistently demonstrated its superiority throughout the season, boasting the highest male and female shooters in most competitions. At five varsity competitions, FHSU's team members claimed the highest scores among female participants, and at six events, they secured coveted spots as the top three female shooters.

True “road warriors,” the team traveled more than 10,000 miles to compete in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Colorado while always representing Fort Hays State University with professionalism and strong values.

Personal records were shattered, new personal bests were achieved, and individual team members made their mark on the sport. One such standout athlete, Alex Hunter, a senior from Hickman, Nebraska, discovered his passion for shooting in the sixth grade. Hunter credits the FHSU Shotgun Team and their continuous pursuit of improvement for shaping his outlook on life and shooting. He plans to graduate with a construction management degree and hopes to become a project manager for a construction company.

Another influential team member, Logan Smith, echoes the sentiment of personal and team growth within the FHSU Shotgun Team. Originally from Burwell, Nebraska, Smith found his passion for competitive shooting at an early age, leading him to choose Fort Hays State University for its outstanding shooting program. The dedication and resilience required to excel on this team helped Smith develop invaluable life skills that he hopes to leverage to turn his degree in Criminal Justice into a job as a Game Warden after graduation.

Lexi Wickham, a senior from Houston, Texas, illustrates the team's impact on personal and academic success. Growing up hunting on her family farm, Wickham had a natural affinity for shooting sports, ultimately choosing FHSU to continue her shooting career. As a six-year senior, Wickham acknowledges the dedication and sacrifice required to excel in this sport and believes these lessons will translate into a successful career in the agriculture industry.

As the team prepares for their future endeavors, they carry the memories, friendships, and life lessons that only a journey with the FHSU Shotgun Team can provide. Plans for their upcoming spring competitions will take them to Las Vegas, Nevada; San Antonio, Texas (twice); Lincoln, Nebraska; and Stillwater, Oklahoma. Driven by their past successes and aiming for even greater achievements, the team is eager to push its limits and represent Fort Hays State University with unparalleled excellence.

The FHSU Shotgun Team's dedication, discipline, and competitive spirit have established them as a powerhouse in collegiate shooting sports. Supported by the university and enthusiastic sponsors, this exceptional team continues to make Fort Hays State University proud.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Fort Hays State University president Tisa Mason" />
 <figcaption>Fort Hays State University president Tisa Mason</figcaption>
 </figure>The FHSU Shotgun Team once again proved its prowess in the shooting sports, achieving remarkable success during the fall 2023 season. Notably, the team comprises 36 members, with 20 on the varsity team and 16 on the junior varsity team. With a rich history and a roster of talented athletes, the team has solidified its reputation as one of the finest in the nation.The team traces its roots to 2005 when six enthusiastic freshmen approached Dr. Duane Shepherd, who then organized and established the FHSU Shotgun Team as a recognized student organization. Since then, the team has amassed an enviable record of accomplishments, including 120 competition wins in the past 18 years.Under the guidance of Dr. Shepherd and his wife, Teresa, the team has become a force to be reckoned with in the Prairie Circuit Conference, which they created in 2011. This conference has grown to include teams from Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, and South Dakota. FHSU has remarkably won 11 out of the 13 conference championships.Moreover, the team has shone brightly on the national stage, clinching ten national championships since 2013. These victories span Collegiate Shooting Sports Organizations such as ACUI, SCTP, and NCSSAA, attesting to the team's well-rounded skillset.Throughout its history, the team has also produced around 40 All-Americans, a testament to the dedication and talent nurtured within its ranks.The team's success is not without support. For example, in partnership with the Hays City Sportsmen’s Club and inspired by a generous lead gift from Lorena Kellogg and her late husband, Wilmer, the University recently celebrated the opening of the Kellogg Training Center. Other individuals and businesses followed suit and contributed to bringing the project to fruition.The Kellogg Training Center provides additional resources to build upon the team’s accomplishments. An on-site office provides head coach Jerrod Lies, an FHSU Shotgun Team alum and former assistant coach, a space to meet with and mentor team members and potential recruits. In addition, the new reloading room allows multiple members at a time to reload shells efficiently. With the team firing approximately 90,000 rounds in practice and 75,000 rounds in competition during the fall semester alone, the commitment and investment required for success cannot be understated.The Fall 2023 season is a testament to the team's unwavering dedication and exceptional talent. The varsity team maintained an impressive record of 6-1, earning first-place honors in six competitions and second place in another. The junior varsity team also displayed outstanding performances, with several second and third-place finishes.FHSU consistently demonstrated its superiority throughout the season, boasting the highest male and female shooters in most competitions. At five varsity competitions, FHSU's team members claimed the highest scores among female participants, and at six events, they secured coveted spots as the top three female shooters.True “road warriors,” the team traveled more than 10,000 miles to compete in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Colorado while always representing Fort Hays State University with professionalism and strong values.Personal records were shattered, new personal bests were achieved, and individual team members made their mark on the sport. One such standout athlete, Alex Hunter, a senior from Hickman, Nebraska, discovered his passion for shooting in the sixth grade. Hunter credits the FHSU Shotgun Team and their continuous pursuit of improvement for shaping his outlook on life and shooting. He plans to graduate with a construction management degree and hopes to become a project manager for a construction company.Another influential team member, Logan Smith, echoes the sentiment of personal and team growth within the FHSU Shotgun Team. Originally from Burwell, Nebraska, Smith found his passion for competitive shooting at an early age, leading him to choose Fort Hays State University for its outstanding shooting program. The dedication and resilience required to excel on this team helped Smith develop invaluable life skills that he hopes to leverage to turn his degree in Criminal Justice into a job as a Game Warden after graduation.Lexi Wickham, a senior from Houston, Texas, illustrates the team's impact on personal and academic success. Growing up hunting on her family farm, Wickham had a natural affinity for shooting sports, ultimately choosing FHSU to continue her shooting career. As a six-year senior, Wickham acknowledges the dedication and sacrifice required to excel in this sport and believes these lessons will translate into a successful career in the agriculture industry.As the team prepares for their future endeavors, they carry the memories, friendships, and life lessons that only a journey with the FHSU Shotgun Team can provide. Plans for their upcoming spring competitions will take them to Las Vegas, Nevada; San Antonio, Texas (twice); Lincoln, Nebraska; and Stillwater, Oklahoma. Driven by their past successes and aiming for even greater achievements, the team is eager to push its limits and represent Fort Hays State University with unparalleled excellence.The FHSU Shotgun Team's dedication, discipline, and competitive spirit have established them as a powerhouse in collegiate shooting sports. Supported by the university and enthusiastic sponsors, this exceptional team continues to make Fort Hays State University proud.

Heart of a Tiger: FHSU Shotgun Team continues dominance in fall feason

Following area museum social media paid off big time Dec. 10. Rooks County Historical Museum promoted a Cowboy Christmas Poetry Gathering, and Western Kansas folks demonstrated the meaning of gather. The enthusiastic crowd had the venue bursting at the seams! Thanks to a good sound system, those in the museum area could hear Ron’s and Jeff’s engaging performance from the chapel area.

Despite unexpectedly numerous participants, museum employees and volunteers covered their bases. They loaded a table with assorted Christmas cookies and healthy snacks so anyone who left hungry did so of their own accord. Someone or multiple someone’s creatively and beautifully decorated trees and placed them among displays that tell Rooks County stories. Guests who didn’t manage to find a seat in the presentation area until after other attendees left during intermission could listen to poetry, music, and banter while snacking or appreciating colorful Christmas decor.

Adding to the festivities, a Cowboy Santa happened to pass through and agreeably posed for photos with young and old. Not far from him, participants bid on donated silent auction items whose proceeds will support future museum programming.

When planning the event, manager Rick Gianni and Rooks County Historical Society Board chose to celebrate writing that “embodies the work and grit of the American Cowboy.” They invited multi-talented ranchers and writers/musicians Ron Wilson, owner of the Lazy T near Manhattan, and Jeff Davidson, a cattleman who calls Eureka, Kansas, home. These fellas know cattle business, its history, and the multi-faceted Kansas prairie. They could have presented a month-long seminar and barely have scratched their knowledge base. Better yet, they translate information into clever and touching poems and songs. Jeff’s knack for putting other people’s words, including Mary Powell’s and Ron’s, to music touched the audience’s hearts. Both have memories like elephants, which they demonstrated as they performed one song or poem after another without looking at a script. Wilson even wrote and autographed an original poem specifically for this event, handing every guest a copy. Apparently, he does this for all their presentations.

Area ranchers, cowboys, historians, and others who love a good celebration packed the place, enjoying catching up with one another pre-show, during intermission, and afterwards. As I walked through the crowd, I hugged or fist bumped several long-time friends while over-hearing people reminisce about good and bad days gone by.

While director Gianni commit his efforts to honoring Rooks County stories and people, he also plans to explore how they fit into Western Kansas history. Based on how many attendees came from neighboring counties to enjoy this show, his plan is working. He made a point of honoring county and area historians Don Rowlison, Leo Oliva, Angela Bates, and Ed Lowry. He acknowledged the Cottonwood Foundation’s support. All those listed have documented our region’s unique attributes along with revealing how it fits into much bigger pictures.

Clearly, Kansans hunger to learn more about how this region developed and those involved. Keep an eye on events coming out of Rooks County. Those living in wide-open spaces don’t complain about driving distances. In this case, the pay-off included tasty holiday treats, seeing old friends, and listening to extremely talented performers who vividly reminded us we live in a special place.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158605319.jpeg" alt="Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>Following area museum social media paid off big time Dec. 10. Rooks County Historical Museum promoted a Cowboy Christmas Poetry Gathering, and Western Kansas folks demonstrated the meaning of gather. The enthusiastic crowd had the venue bursting at the seams! Thanks to a good sound system, those in the museum area could hear Ron’s and Jeff’s engaging performance from the chapel area.Despite unexpectedly numerous participants, museum employees and volunteers covered their bases. They loaded a table with assorted Christmas cookies and healthy snacks so anyone who left hungry did so of their own accord. Someone or multiple someone’s creatively and beautifully decorated trees and placed them among displays that tell Rooks County stories. Guests who didn’t manage to find a seat in the presentation area until after other attendees left during intermission could listen to poetry, music, and banter while snacking or appreciating colorful Christmas decor.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1702674428212.jpeg" alt="Jeff Davidson Cowboy (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Jeff Davidson Cowboy (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>Adding to the festivities, a Cowboy Santa happened to pass through and agreeably posed for photos with young and old. Not far from him, participants bid on donated silent auction items whose proceeds will support future museum programming.When planning the event, manager Rick Gianni and Rooks County Historical Society Board chose to celebrate writing that “embodies the work and grit of the American Cowboy.” They invited multi-talented ranchers and writers/musicians Ron Wilson, owner of the Lazy T near Manhattan, and Jeff Davidson, a cattleman who calls Eureka, Kansas, home. These fellas know cattle business, its history, and the multi-faceted Kansas prairie. They could have presented a month-long seminar and barely have scratched their knowledge base. Better yet, they translate information into clever and touching poems and songs. Jeff’s knack for putting other people’s words, including Mary Powell’s and Ron’s, to music touched the audience’s hearts. Both have memories like elephants, which they demonstrated as they performed one song or poem after another without looking at a script. Wilson even wrote and autographed an original poem specifically for this event, handing every guest a copy. Apparently, he does this for all their presentations.Area ranchers, cowboys, historians, and others who love a good celebration packed the place, enjoying catching up with one another pre-show, during intermission, and afterwards. As I walked through the crowd, I hugged or fist bumped several long-time friends while over-hearing people reminisce about good and bad days gone by.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1702674439403.jpeg" alt="Ron Wilson cowboy poet&nbsp;(Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Ron Wilson cowboy poet&nbsp;(Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>While director Gianni commit his efforts to honoring Rooks County stories and people, he also plans to explore how they fit into Western Kansas history. Based on how many attendees came from neighboring counties to enjoy this show, his plan is working. He made a point of honoring county and area historians Don Rowlison, Leo Oliva, Angela Bates, and Ed Lowry. He acknowledged the Cottonwood Foundation’s support. All those listed have documented our region’s unique attributes along with revealing how it fits into much bigger pictures.Clearly, Kansans hunger to learn more about how this region developed and those involved. Keep an eye on events coming out of Rooks County. Those living in wide-open spaces don’t complain about driving distances. In this case, the pay-off included tasty holiday treats, seeing old friends, and listening to extremely talented performers who vividly reminded us we live in a special place.

MADORIN: Cowboy Poetry Christmas Celebration

As a person ages, the ability to get out of the house and interact with others decreases. Reduced mobility, health concerns, weather conditions, or even a lack of social opportunities are a few factors that prevent older adults from socializing.

This social isolation can increase health risks, and research from the CDC indicates:

· Social isolation significantly increases a person’s risk of premature death from all causes, a risk that may rival those of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity.

· Social isolation is associated with about a 50% increased risk of dementia.

· Poor social relationships (characterized by social isolation or loneliness) are associated with a 29% increased risk of heart disease and a 32% increased risk of stroke.

· Loneliness is associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.

Whatever factors may hinder a person from keeping up their social skills also has the potential to greatly impact their overall health. This is why it is vital to keep social connections alive. If you or someone you know may be at risk for social isolation, there are several ways to combat it.

Encourage relationships among family. Making it routine to visit older family members can give them a sense of hope and something to look forward to. Spending time with older family members can be simple. Visiting, looking through old photos, cooking, or enjoying a TV show together are great places to start. This time of year may also be the perfect opportunity to send the kids to grandpa and grandma’s house over Christmas break. Intergenerational relationships not only spark vitality in aging people but broaden children’s learning experiences, and older adults can give them the undivided attention they need.

Rediscover hobbies. Take some time to learn what your loved one enjoys doing and join them! Keeping the brain and body active is essential in maintaining mental sharpness and hand-eye coordination. Joining a group fitness class, attending a quilting group, or community gardening are a few options. Encouraging them to keep busy by volunteering may be another great opportunity because it can give them a sense of purpose and the chance to connect with others.

Support social activities. Be on the lookout for programs that may interest them. Senior centers provide a wide variety of activities such as art courses, board game days, or educational short courses. In fact, the Great Bend Senior Center will host a monthly ‘Wellness Wednesday’ class starting January 8th. This may be a great opportunity for older adults to sit back and learn while getting the chance to interact with peers.

Whatever strategy you choose to reduce social isolation, it is important to recognize the value of spending time with the aging population. Giving them a phone call, dropping by to say hi, and encouraging them to get involved are all simple ways to improve their quality of life and even extend it.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As a person ages, the ability to get out of the house and interact with others decreases. Reduced mobility, health concerns, weather conditions, or even a lack of social opportunities are a few factors that prevent older adults from socializing.This social isolation can increase health risks, and research from the CDC indicates:· Social isolation significantly increases a person’s risk of premature death from all causes, a risk that may rival those of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity.· Social isolation is associated with about a 50% increased risk of dementia.· Poor social relationships (characterized by social isolation or loneliness) are associated with a 29% increased risk of heart disease and a 32% increased risk of stroke.· Loneliness is associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.Whatever factors may hinder a person from keeping up their social skills also has the potential to greatly impact their overall health. This is why it is vital to keep social connections alive. If you or someone you know may be at risk for social isolation, there are several ways to combat it.Encourage relationships among family. Making it routine to visit older family members can give them a sense of hope and something to look forward to. Spending time with older family members can be simple. Visiting, looking through old photos, cooking, or enjoying a TV show together are great places to start. This time of year may also be the perfect opportunity to send the kids to grandpa and grandma’s house over Christmas break. Intergenerational relationships not only spark vitality in aging people but broaden children’s learning experiences, and older adults can give them the undivided attention they need.Rediscover hobbies. Take some time to learn what your loved one enjoys doing and join them! Keeping the brain and body active is essential in maintaining mental sharpness and hand-eye coordination. Joining a group fitness class, attending a quilting group, or community gardening are a few options. Encouraging them to keep busy by volunteering may be another great opportunity because it can give them a sense of purpose and the chance to connect with others.Support social activities. Be on the lookout for programs that may interest them. Senior centers provide a wide variety of activities such as art courses, board game days, or educational short courses. In fact, the Great Bend Senior Center will host a monthly ‘Wellness Wednesday’ class starting January 8th. This may be a great opportunity for older adults to sit back and learn while getting the chance to interact with peers.Whatever strategy you choose to reduce social isolation, it is important to recognize the value of spending time with the aging population. Giving them a phone call, dropping by to say hi, and encouraging them to get involved are all simple ways to improve their quality of life and even extend it.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Remaining social maintains health

&nbsp;By&nbsp;<a href="https://kansaspublicradio.org/people/rex-buchanan-1">Rex Buchanan</a> <a href="https://kansaspublicradio.org/">Kansas Public Radio</a>

Parts of western Kansas are running out of water. This has been true for a long time. But Kansas is finally taking steps to address the problem. Commentator Rex Buchanan wonders whether those steps will be enough.

Don’t look now, but Kansas water is having a moment. In the past few weeks, the state’s water issues were featured in long stories in the New York Times and the Kansas City Star. In state government, the Legislature appropriated significant new water funding. The governor re-established a water subcabinet, there are regular get-togethers of the cabinet-level agencies that deal with water. And the governor appointed a special adviser on water.

All this attention resulted in nearly palpable excitement in recent meetings held by water-related folks.

After going to a couple of those meetings, I had two take-home lessons — one good, one not so good — that sometimes get lost in the shuffle.

First, the good news. We used to think that stopping declines in the Ogallala aquifer out west would require draconian cutbacks in irrigation — maybe as much as 75 percent. When people heard numbers that drastic, their response was, I think, understandable. Cuts that big would be so severe, so daunting, their economic impact so great... why even try? The obvious response: throw your hands up and keep on pumping.

But work by my colleagues at the Kansas Geological Survey shows that such huge cutbacks may not be necessary to slow or even stop declines. In parts of the aquifer, reductions of 20 or 25 percent can extend the life of the aquifer significantly.

In places, irrigators have come together to voluntarily cut back 20 percent on water, through more precise irrigation scheduling and raising different crops. They’ve saved water and made just as much money.

Improved water efficiency doesn’t necessarily result in less water used. I know that doesn’t sound right so I’ll say it again. Conserving water — via improved irrigation efficiency — doesn’t always result in using less water. Here’s why: When irrigators save water, through new efficiencies, they often use the water they saved to irrigate more acres or switch to more water-thirsty, more profitable crops. In other words, they use the water they save.

One of my colleagues says that the allure of improved efficiency is a “zombie idea,” a concept that isn’t true, but just won’t die.

I’m not saying that efficiency is bad. Obviously, nobody should be wasting water. But efficiency alone won’t solve this. To truly slow water-level declines, cuts in water use have to actually save water.

Bottom line: we can stem declines in the Ogallala, but not with improved efficiency alone. We have to tie those efficiency measures to some sort of binding agreement to actually reduce the amount of water being pumped.

In a few weeks, I’ll be headed west to measure water levels, part of the annual program by the Survey and the state’s division of water resources. I expect that we’ll see less-than-usual declines in places, mostly because summer rains in southwestern Kansas meant less irrigation.

If that’s what we find, don’t get idea that all the recent attention has solved our water woes. It’ll take more than newspaper stories and meetings. We know what we need to do. Now we have to do it.

Commentator Rex Buchanan is a writer, author and director emeritus at the&nbsp;<a href="https://kgs.ku.edu/" target="_blank">Kansas Geological Survey</a>. He lives in Lawrence.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1702935319168.jpg" alt="Photo courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Photo courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>&nbsp;By&nbsp;<a href="https://kansaspublicradio.org/people/rex-buchanan-1">Rex Buchanan</a> <a href="https://kansaspublicradio.org/">Kansas Public Radio</a>Parts of western Kansas are running out of water. This has been true for a long time. But Kansas is finally taking steps to address the problem. Commentator Rex Buchanan wonders whether those steps will be enough.(Transcript)Don’t look now, but Kansas water is having a moment. In the past few weeks, the state’s water issues were featured in long stories in the New York Times and the Kansas City Star. In state government, the Legislature appropriated significant new water funding. The governor re-established a water subcabinet, there are regular get-togethers of the cabinet-level agencies that deal with water. And the governor appointed a special adviser on water.All this attention resulted in nearly palpable excitement in recent meetings held by water-related folks.After going to a couple of those meetings, I had two take-home lessons — one good, one not so good — that sometimes get lost in the shuffle.First, the good news. We used to think that stopping declines in the Ogallala aquifer out west would require draconian cutbacks in irrigation — maybe as much as 75 percent. When people heard numbers that drastic, their response was, I think, understandable. Cuts that big would be so severe, so daunting, their economic impact so great... why even try? The obvious response: throw your hands up and keep on pumping.But work by my colleagues at the Kansas Geological Survey shows that such huge cutbacks may not be necessary to slow or even stop declines. In parts of the aquifer, reductions of 20 or 25 percent can extend the life of the aquifer significantly.In places, irrigators have come together to voluntarily cut back 20 percent on water, through more precise irrigation scheduling and raising different crops. They’ve saved water and made just as much money.But here’s the other thing.Improved water efficiency doesn’t necessarily result in less water used. I know that doesn’t sound right so I’ll say it again. Conserving water — via improved irrigation efficiency — doesn’t always result in using less water. Here’s why: When irrigators save water, through new efficiencies, they often use the water they saved to irrigate more acres or switch to more water-thirsty, more profitable crops. In other words, they use the water they save.One of my colleagues says that the allure of improved efficiency is a “zombie idea,” a concept that isn’t true, but just won’t die.I’m not saying that efficiency is bad. Obviously, nobody should be wasting water. But efficiency alone won’t solve this. To truly slow water-level declines, cuts in water use have to actually save water.Bottom line: we can stem declines in the Ogallala, but not with improved efficiency alone. We have to tie those efficiency measures to some sort of binding agreement to actually reduce the amount of water being pumped.In a few weeks, I’ll be headed west to measure water levels, part of the annual program by the Survey and the state’s division of water resources. I expect that we’ll see less-than-usual declines in places, mostly because summer rains in southwestern Kansas meant less irrigation.If that’s what we find, don’t get idea that all the recent attention has solved our water woes. It’ll take more than newspaper stories and meetings. We know what we need to do. Now we have to do it.####Commentator Rex Buchanan is a writer, author and director emeritus at the&nbsp;<a href="https://kgs.ku.edu/" target="_blank">Kansas Geological Survey</a>. He lives in Lawrence.

Opinion: Getting serious about water woes on High Plains

As most Kansans know, whole wheat products provide a great amount of nutrients such as fiber, B vitamins, folate, and more. It is used worldwide in many recipes, and if you pay attention to food labels, you are aware that gluten, a protein found in wheat, is in products you might not expect. In fact, those with gluten sensitivity have to exclude many foods that contain the protein because their body mounts an immune response that attacks the small intestine.

Those with gluten intolerance can experience increased inflammation throughout the body, fatigue, chronic digestive issues, and headaches.

However, breakthrough research from Kansas State University has found a method to develop wheat-based foods that contain lower amounts of gluten. This discovery may lessen the adverse effects for those with celiac or other autoimmune diseases.

Eduard Akhunov, University Distinguished Professor in K-State’s Department of Plant Pathology and director of the Wheat Genetics Resource Center states that gluten likely will never be completely removed from wheat since it is important for bread-making. Gluten provides the texture, flavor and moisture in such products as bread, bagels, and noodles. Even though reduced levels of gluten achieved in this study won’t make wheat immediately safe for those with severe levels of celiac disease, Akhunov says, “It is important to step forward.”

The nature of wheat breeding research means varieties with reduced gluten content may not be available to consumers for many years, but this study will broaden the options available for those with minor gluten sensitivity, and with further research, it could pave the road for developing new varieties that will be safer for people with celiac disease.

Aaron Harries, the vice president of research and operations for Kansas Wheat, made a good point when he said, “There are many wheat farmers and members of their families in Kansas that have celiac disease. It is ironic and unfortunate that they raise wheat for a living but can’t

eat wheat foods. Most consumers would prefer not to give up wheat foods in their diet. Developing wheat varieties that are consumable by people with celiac disease would make their lives much easier.”

The full research article is published in the Nov. 17 issue of the Plant Biotechnology Journal.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As most Kansans know, whole wheat products provide a great amount of nutrients such as fiber, B vitamins, folate, and more. It is used worldwide in many recipes, and if you pay attention to food labels, you are aware that gluten, a protein found in wheat, is in products you might not expect. In fact, those with gluten sensitivity have to exclude many foods that contain the protein because their body mounts an immune response that attacks the small intestine.Those with gluten intolerance can experience increased inflammation throughout the body, fatigue, chronic digestive issues, and headaches.However, breakthrough research from Kansas State University has found a method to develop wheat-based foods that contain lower amounts of gluten. This discovery may lessen the adverse effects for those with celiac or other autoimmune diseases.Eduard Akhunov, University Distinguished Professor in K-State’s Department of Plant Pathology and director of the Wheat Genetics Resource Center states that gluten likely will never be completely removed from wheat since it is important for bread-making. Gluten provides the texture, flavor and moisture in such products as bread, bagels, and noodles. Even though reduced levels of gluten achieved in this study won’t make wheat immediately safe for those with severe levels of celiac disease, Akhunov says, “It is important to step forward.”The nature of wheat breeding research means varieties with reduced gluten content may not be available to consumers for many years, but this study will broaden the options available for those with minor gluten sensitivity, and with further research, it could pave the road for developing new varieties that will be safer for people with celiac disease.Aaron Harries, the vice president of research and operations for Kansas Wheat, made a good point when he said, “There are many wheat farmers and members of their families in Kansas that have celiac disease. It is ironic and unfortunate that they raise wheat for a living but can’teat wheat foods. Most consumers would prefer not to give up wheat foods in their diet. Developing wheat varieties that are consumable by people with celiac disease would make their lives much easier.”The full research article is published in the Nov. 17 issue of the Plant Biotechnology Journal.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Winkel: Safer wheat products on the Rise: Gluten reduction

I haven’t trapped for a couple years now, simply because, unless you skin and completely finish the pelts, and are willing to ship them to Canada to be consigned in the huge worldwide auction there, no good market exists here locally anymore. For the most part, buyers don’t want coyotes at all, but bobcat pelts still hold a little value. Here is a story of a bobcat trapping adventure that went all wrong.

I had several bobcat traps out a few miles west of Inman. The traps had been there long enough and it was time to move them. Besides, rain was forecast for Saturday night, and many of the traps were off the beaten path far enough that if it got wet and I had to check them on foot or by four wheeler, it would take me forever. A busy day was planned, so I got an early start in case hiccups occurred in getting the traps. I was ahead of schedule when I rolled into the last stop. “A few minutes here, then home to a hot breakfast,” I told myself. One of the traps was a cage trap slid back into a pile of branches with a goose carcass as bait, and as I rolled to a stop I could see that the cage door was closed. From my vantage point, branches blocked the view of the entire cage, but I could see what appeared to be a raccoon rustling around in the trap. I grabbed the handgun and headed for the cage, but as I got nearer, I could see that the coon’ had a couple white strips down its back. “Great,” I thought “Just what I didn’t want to see this morning.” Now I remembered an incident a couple years before where I had a skunk caught in a cage trap. That trap was much bigger than this one, so as the skunk put on an acrobatics show climbing and swinging around at the back of the cage, I was able to get close enough to somehow open the door and prop it open with a stick. The skunk eventually left without incident, end of story.

This trap was much smaller, but the morning had been going so well, I guess I figured nothing could go wrong, …. Anyway, I crept up to the trap, quietly talking to the critter as I walked. Skunks are actually pretty laid back especially if the container is covered and you go about things slowly and quietly. Besides, as long as the thing kept its butt pointed the other way, there was no way if could spray me, right? Just as I knelt down, the skunk charged the door, and I was instantly up on my toes preparing to run, but it never turned around and just backed into the rear corner of the cage again. I knelt down again, got as close as I thought I dared, and tried gingerly raising the two steel rings that held the door shut so I could quickly prop the door open and skedaddle. Then it happened... I heard a sort of squirting, squishing sound, felt something hit my face and the scrambled eggs and bacon I could almost taste awaiting me at home suddenly reeked of skunk! (Note to self: a skunk’s butt does not have to be facing you to spray you; they can spray over their back and about any old direction they choose.)

I jumped and ran like I was going to outrun the stench or something. I wiped a couple droplets from my glasses and started peeling outer clothing that might have been hit. I grabbed the handgun and ended the little beggar’s career, then called Joyce to fire up her laptop and find the “cure.” I did a piece on skunks some years ago and my research then told me that the old tomato juice cure just doesn’t work, but Joyce found a mixture that will. Mix together 1 quart hydrogen peroxide, ¼ cup baking soda and 1 – 2 teaspoons dish soap (not laundry detergent.) Wipe down your entire body and everything else that got sprayed and then rinse. A warning, clothing cleaned with this solution may discolor. The compounds that cause the extreme lingering smell are called “Thiols,” and are not water soluble, even with soap, but this combination of common ingredients somehow breaks down these Thiols into water soluble

compounds that are rinsed away by the solution. This was tested on an episode of the Myth Busters TV show and found to be the most effective smell removal agent.

When I got home, I walked up onto our back deck, by then, clad only in my underwear, where two hands strongly resembling those of my wife, reached out through the cracked-open back door and handed me a bowl of the magic skunk-be-gone potion, an old ragged towel and washcloth, and pointed me toward the shop in the backyard. I scrubbed myself and washed my hair twice with the solution and all was well.

Besides the lesson that skunks can spray in any old direction they please, I learned a few more things that day. First, it’s never too late for things to go wrong. Secondly, it’s good to know there is something that will actually remove skunk odor, and lastly, I will never again attempt to do a skunk a favor! Continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors

Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland</figcaption>
 </figure>I haven’t trapped for a couple years now, simply because, unless you skin and completely finish the pelts, and are willing to ship them to Canada to be consigned in the huge worldwide auction there, no good market exists here locally anymore. For the most part, buyers don’t want coyotes at all, but bobcat pelts still hold a little value. Here is a story of a bobcat trapping adventure that went all wrong.I had several bobcat traps out a few miles west of Inman. The traps had been there long enough and it was time to move them. Besides, rain was forecast for Saturday night, and many of the traps were off the beaten path far enough that if it got wet and I had to check them on foot or by four wheeler, it would take me forever. A busy day was planned, so I got an early start in case hiccups occurred in getting the traps. I was ahead of schedule when I rolled into the last stop. “A few minutes here, then home to a hot breakfast,” I told myself. One of the traps was a cage trap slid back into a pile of branches with a goose carcass as bait, and as I rolled to a stop I could see that the cage door was closed. From my vantage point, branches blocked the view of the entire cage, but I could see what appeared to be a raccoon rustling around in the trap. I grabbed the handgun and headed for the cage, but as I got nearer, I could see that the coon’ had a couple white strips down its back. “Great,” I thought “Just what I didn’t want to see this morning.” Now I remembered an incident a couple years before where I had a skunk caught in a cage trap. That trap was much bigger than this one, so as the skunk put on an acrobatics show climbing and swinging around at the back of the cage, I was able to get close enough to somehow open the door and prop it open with a stick. The skunk eventually left without incident, end of story.This trap was much smaller, but the morning had been going so well, I guess I figured nothing could go wrong, …. Anyway, I crept up to the trap, quietly talking to the critter as I walked. Skunks are actually pretty laid back especially if the container is covered and you go about things slowly and quietly. Besides, as long as the thing kept its butt pointed the other way, there was no way if could spray me, right? Just as I knelt down, the skunk charged the door, and I was instantly up on my toes preparing to run, but it never turned around and just backed into the rear corner of the cage again. I knelt down again, got as close as I thought I dared, and tried gingerly raising the two steel rings that held the door shut so I could quickly prop the door open and skedaddle. Then it happened... I heard a sort of squirting, squishing sound, felt something hit my face and the scrambled eggs and bacon I could almost taste awaiting me at home suddenly reeked of skunk! (Note to self: a skunk’s butt does not have to be facing you to spray you; they can spray over their back and about any old direction they choose.)I jumped and ran like I was going to outrun the stench or something. I wiped a couple droplets from my glasses and started peeling outer clothing that might have been hit. I grabbed the handgun and ended the little beggar’s career, then called Joyce to fire up her laptop and find the “cure.” I did a piece on skunks some years ago and my research then told me that the old tomato juice cure just doesn’t work, but Joyce found a mixture that will. Mix together 1 quart hydrogen peroxide, ¼ cup baking soda and 1 – 2 teaspoons dish soap (not laundry detergent.) Wipe down your entire body and everything else that got sprayed and then rinse. A warning, clothing cleaned with this solution may discolor. The compounds that cause the extreme lingering smell are called “Thiols,” and are not water soluble, even with soap, but this combination of common ingredients somehow breaks down these Thiols into water solublecompounds that are rinsed away by the solution. This was tested on an episode of the Myth Busters TV show and found to be the most effective smell removal agent.When I got home, I walked up onto our back deck, by then, clad only in my underwear, where two hands strongly resembling those of my wife, reached out through the cracked-open back door and handed me a bowl of the magic skunk-be-gone potion, an old ragged towel and washcloth, and pointed me toward the shop in the backyard. I scrubbed myself and washed my hair twice with the solution and all was well.Besides the lesson that skunks can spray in any old direction they please, I learned a few more things that day. First, it’s never too late for things to go wrong. Secondly, it’s good to know there is something that will actually remove skunk odor, and lastly, I will never again attempt to do a skunk a favor! Continue to Explore Kansas OutdoorsSteve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Exploring Kansas Outdoors: Sometimes life just stinks

By BENJAMIN DOME Kansas vice president of individual programs for FCCLA

The Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) Family Career and Community Leaders of America, also known as FCCLA, is thriving and strong in Ellis County and the surrounding areas. FCCLA is the only CTSO with family as its core value.

FCCLA has a chapter at every high school in Ellis County with a Family and Consumer Science class. The chapters at Victoria High School, Ellis High School, and the newly formed Hays High School Chapter have been representing Western Kansas extraordinarily on the state and national&nbsp;level.

Victoria High School has over 78 percent of students affiliated with their FCCLA chapter. Nine of those members serve as officers on the local officer team. Victoria FCCLA also hosts District B secretary Kennidy Amrien and the state vice president of individual programs Benjamin Dome.

Both serve on higher executive councils for the area FCCLA district and the state of Kansas.

Additionally, Victoria had six competitive STAR Events compete on the national level at the National Leadership Conference last summer in Denver. Three of these members, Sienna Schmeidler, Jillian Schmidt, and Averi Whindholz, took fifth in the nation with a gold in the Interior Design category. Victoria FCCLA has also been hard at work in the Victoria community.

Their members planned a welcome-back event for every Victoria Jr./Sr. High School student, hosted an American Red Cross blood drive, collected 200 canned goods for the local food pantry, 15 bags of shoes for poorer individuals, planned and threw a holiday bash for elementary students and their parents, and awarded local heroes for their hard work in the community.

Victoria FCCLA also played a vital role at the District B Fall Leadership Conference in Hoisington. Members Sienna Schmeidler and Sage Moos got on stage in front of members from schools ranging from Phillips and Smith County to Barton County to congratulate members on their completion of the Power of One units.

Kennedy Amerin, a senior at Victoria High School and currently serving as the District B secretary, attended two planning meetings to smoothly plan and execute the District B Fall Leadership Conference. Victoria FCCLA has many plans to close out the 1st semester and kick off the 2nd semester positively.

Victoria FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Connie Braun stated, “Victoria FCCLA has five members interested in running for various higher office positions, and 18 members working on STAR Events.”

Both elections of officers and STAR Events take place in the second semester. Victoria is also poised to host the 2024 District B Star Event Competitions. 

USD 432 Superintendant and Victoria Jr. Sr. High School Principal Kimberley Woolf stated, “We are so excited to host the STAR Events this year on Valentine’s Day for District B FCCLA. Our teachers will be here to help facilitate the rooms and judge. Some of my standout moments as a principal at Victoria are getting to attend some of these events with students and watching them compete.

"It is amazing to see all their months of work come to fruition when they present to their team of judges. Connie Braun is an essential part of all of this! The kids love her for her dedication and commitment.”

Ellis High School FCCLA is also enjoying The Ultimate Journey. Ellis FCCLA boasts a roster of 40 members. One of which, Taegen Shannon, serves as the current District B president.

Part of Shannon’s role is serving on the State Advisory Council and heading the planning of the District B Fall Leadership Conference, which was hosted in Hoisington in early October.

Additionally, Railers in the FCCLA Chapter have been hard at work preparing for the STAR Event competitions. Ellis FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Mrs. Nihlas stated, “We have a group hard at work preparing for their competition. We also have a member gearing up to run for a higher office as well.” District elections will be hosted in late January at Smith Center High School.

Hays High School is also getting into the action this year. This will be the first year for Hays High to offer FCCLA in it’s school history. District B FCCLA is happy to have them become a part of the FCCLA family. The entire state association is excited to welcome them into the FCCLA community.

Many Ellis County businesses support FCCLA at various levels. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC, and Great Plains Dermatology are both sponsors of Kansas FCCLA. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC is a bronze sponsor, and Great Plains Dermatology is a silver sponsor. Kansas FCCLA is extremely thankful for their support.

The state of FCCLA in Ellis County is strong and hopeful. The entirety of the State Executive Council is proud of District B FCCLA and excited to see what Ellis County FCCLA Chapters produce in the coming semester.

By BENJAMIN DOME Kansas vice president of individual programs for FCCLA The Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) Family Career and Community Leaders of America, also known as FCCLA, is thriving and strong in Ellis County and the surrounding areas. FCCLA is the only CTSO with family as its core value.FCCLA has a chapter at every high school in Ellis County with a Family and Consumer Science class. The chapters at Victoria High School, Ellis High School, and the newly formed Hays High School Chapter have been representing Western Kansas extraordinarily on the state and national&nbsp;level.Victoria High School has over 78 percent of students affiliated with their FCCLA chapter. Nine of those members serve as officers on the local officer team. Victoria FCCLA also hosts District B secretary Kennidy Amrien and the state vice president of individual programs Benjamin Dome.Both serve on higher executive councils for the area FCCLA district and the state of Kansas.Additionally, Victoria had six competitive STAR Events compete on the national level at the National Leadership Conference last summer in Denver. Three of these members, Sienna Schmeidler, Jillian Schmidt, and Averi Whindholz, took fifth in the nation with a gold in the Interior Design category. Victoria FCCLA has also been hard at work in the Victoria community.Their members planned a welcome-back event for every Victoria Jr./Sr. High School student, hosted an American Red Cross blood drive, collected 200 canned goods for the local food pantry, 15 bags of shoes for poorer individuals, planned and threw a holiday bash for elementary students and their parents, and awarded local heroes for their hard work in the community.Victoria FCCLA also played a vital role at the District B Fall Leadership Conference in Hoisington. Members Sienna Schmeidler and Sage Moos got on stage in front of members from schools ranging from Phillips and Smith County to Barton County to congratulate members on their completion of the Power of One units.Kennedy Amerin, a senior at Victoria High School and currently serving as the District B secretary, attended two planning meetings to smoothly plan and execute the District B Fall Leadership Conference. Victoria FCCLA has many plans to close out the 1st semester and kick off the 2nd semester positively.Victoria FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Connie Braun stated, “Victoria FCCLA has five members interested in running for various higher office positions, and 18 members working on STAR Events.”Both elections of officers and STAR Events take place in the second semester. Victoria is also poised to host the 2024 District B Star Event Competitions. USD 432 Superintendant and Victoria Jr. Sr. High School Principal Kimberley Woolf stated, “We are so excited to host the STAR Events this year on Valentine’s Day for District B FCCLA. Our teachers will be here to help facilitate the rooms and judge. Some of my standout moments as a principal at Victoria are getting to attend some of these events with students and watching them compete."It is amazing to see all their months of work come to fruition when they present to their team of judges. Connie Braun is an essential part of all of this! The kids love her for her dedication and commitment.”Ellis High School FCCLA is also enjoying The Ultimate Journey. Ellis FCCLA boasts a roster of 40 members. One of which, Taegen Shannon, serves as the current District B president.Part of Shannon’s role is serving on the State Advisory Council and heading the planning of the District B Fall Leadership Conference, which was hosted in Hoisington in early October.Additionally, Railers in the FCCLA Chapter have been hard at work preparing for the STAR Event competitions. Ellis FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Mrs. Nihlas stated, “We have a group hard at work preparing for their competition. We also have a member gearing up to run for a higher office as well.” District elections will be hosted in late January at Smith Center High School.Hays High School is also getting into the action this year. This will be the first year for Hays High to offer FCCLA in it’s school history. District B FCCLA is happy to have them become a part of the FCCLA family. The entire state association is excited to welcome them into the FCCLA community.Many Ellis County businesses support FCCLA at various levels. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC, and Great Plains Dermatology are both sponsors of Kansas FCCLA. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC is a bronze sponsor, and Great Plains Dermatology is a silver sponsor. Kansas FCCLA is extremely thankful for their support.The state of FCCLA in Ellis County is strong and hopeful. The entirety of the State Executive Council is proud of District B FCCLA and excited to see what Ellis County FCCLA Chapters produce in the coming semester.

LETTER: FCCLA strong in Ellis County, surrounding areas

The Kansas Legislature is teeing up to review campaign finance laws in 2024.&nbsp; It should come as no surprise that such proposals occur against a backdrop of strong public skepticism about their motives.

A recent Pew Charitable Trust poll found that 80% of Americans believe that “the people who donated a lot of money to their political campaigns” have too much influence over members of Congress, while 70% agreed that “the people in their districts” have too little.&nbsp; These supermajorities cut across party lines, and may help explain the rise of “outsider” candidates such as former President Donald Trump and Senator Bernie Sanders. To quote the classic 1976 film&nbsp;Network, the American people are “mad as hell, and we’re not going to take this anymore.”

Congressional campaigns are regulated by federal, not state finance law.&nbsp; However, most Americans do not care about the finer differences between federal and state laws–they simply believe that money has too much influence on politics. Also, Kansans do not have a particularly high opinion of the Kansas Legislature, either.&nbsp; In the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll, only 2.8% of Kansans reported being “very satisfied” with the Legislature, and an additional 28.3% reported being “somewhat satisfied.” This total of 31.3% satisfied means that the Legislature’s approval ranks lower than that of Governor Laura Kelly, the Kansas Supreme Court, and Senators Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall.&nbsp;

The current push to change the law stems from a 2022 dustup in Overland Park. Led by Mark Skoglund, the Kansas Ethics Commission investigated Fresh Vision OP, a group that sent out mailers advocating for a mayoral candidate.&nbsp; Fresh Vision OP’s leaders insist that it is a 501(c)(4), a type of nonprofit, but Skoglund suspected that it was actually a political committee.&nbsp; Shortly after that, some members of the Legislature began criticizing Skoglund for letting his law license lapse.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Earlier this year, the Legislature considered HB (House Bill) 2391, which would have rewritten campaign finance law.&nbsp; It did not pass, but they will be back at it this coming year.&nbsp; Unfortunately, HB 2391 contained several provisions which would weaken transparency.

For example, current law requires independent groups to disclose whenever there is a finding of “cooperation or consent” with a political campaign. HB 2391 would have required it only when there is “coordination,” which is defined as “express advocacy.”&nbsp; This is not necessary: the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in&nbsp;Citizens United v FEC&nbsp;that campaign finance law may go beyond express advocacy.&nbsp; Narrowing the requirements would create a loophole allowing independent groups to advocate for candidates without disclosing the sources of their funds.&nbsp; HB 2391 would also have removed the Kansas Ethics Commission’s subpoena power, greatly weakening their ability to investigate.&nbsp; Finally, the bill would have created a disclaimer, ““No solicitation shall be considered a violation of this act if such solicitation is accompanied with a disclaimer that it is not intended for lobbyists, political committees or persons other than individuals.”

The simple appearance of this disclaimer, plus the loss of subpoena power, could block the ability of the Kansas Ethics Commission to take any further action.

There are legitimate reasons to re-visit Kansas’ campaign finance laws.&nbsp; Current laws may ensnare a well-meaning candidate whose communication accidentally falls into the hands of lobbyists, when that was not their intention.&nbsp; That said, HB 2391 was a bad bill and should not be revived.&nbsp; Skepticism toward campaign finance is running high.&nbsp; This is no time to make disclosure requirements even easier to evade.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1700168795368.png" alt="Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>The Kansas Legislature is teeing up to review campaign finance laws in 2024.&nbsp; It should come as no surprise that such proposals occur against a backdrop of strong public skepticism about their motives.A recent Pew Charitable Trust poll found that 80% of Americans believe that “the people who donated a lot of money to their political campaigns” have too much influence over members of Congress, while 70% agreed that “the people in their districts” have too little.&nbsp; These supermajorities cut across party lines, and may help explain the rise of “outsider” candidates such as former President Donald Trump and Senator Bernie Sanders. To quote the classic 1976 film&nbsp;Network, the American people are “mad as hell, and we’re not going to take this anymore.”Congressional campaigns are regulated by federal, not state finance law.&nbsp; However, most Americans do not care about the finer differences between federal and state laws–they simply believe that money has too much influence on politics. Also, Kansans do not have a particularly high opinion of the Kansas Legislature, either.&nbsp; In the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll, only 2.8% of Kansans reported being “very satisfied” with the Legislature, and an additional 28.3% reported being “somewhat satisfied.” This total of 31.3% satisfied means that the Legislature’s approval ranks lower than that of Governor Laura Kelly, the Kansas Supreme Court, and Senators Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall.&nbsp;The current push to change the law stems from a 2022 dustup in Overland Park. Led by Mark Skoglund, the Kansas Ethics Commission investigated Fresh Vision OP, a group that sent out mailers advocating for a mayoral candidate.&nbsp; Fresh Vision OP’s leaders insist that it is a 501(c)(4), a type of nonprofit, but Skoglund suspected that it was actually a political committee.&nbsp; Shortly after that, some members of the Legislature began criticizing Skoglund for letting his law license lapse.&nbsp;&nbsp;Earlier this year, the Legislature considered HB (House Bill) 2391, which would have rewritten campaign finance law.&nbsp; It did not pass, but they will be back at it this coming year.&nbsp; Unfortunately, HB 2391 contained several provisions which would weaken transparency.For example, current law requires independent groups to disclose whenever there is a finding of “cooperation or consent” with a political campaign. HB 2391 would have required it only when there is “coordination,” which is defined as “express advocacy.”&nbsp; This is not necessary: the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in&nbsp;Citizens United v FEC&nbsp;that campaign finance law may go beyond express advocacy.&nbsp; Narrowing the requirements would create a loophole allowing independent groups to advocate for candidates without disclosing the sources of their funds.&nbsp; HB 2391 would also have removed the Kansas Ethics Commission’s subpoena power, greatly weakening their ability to investigate.&nbsp; Finally, the bill would have created a disclaimer, ““No solicitation shall be considered a violation of this act if such solicitation is accompanied with a disclaimer that it is not intended for lobbyists, political committees or persons other than individuals.”The simple appearance of this disclaimer, plus the loss of subpoena power, could block the ability of the Kansas Ethics Commission to take any further action.There are legitimate reasons to re-visit Kansas’ campaign finance laws.&nbsp; Current laws may ensnare a well-meaning candidate whose communication accidentally falls into the hands of lobbyists, when that was not their intention.&nbsp; That said, HB 2391 was a bad bill and should not be revived.&nbsp; Skepticism toward campaign finance is running high.&nbsp; This is no time to make disclosure requirements even easier to evade.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Ethics laws must emphasize transparency

Monique Koerner Cottonwood Extension District

According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers.&nbsp; On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.&nbsp;

Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens.&nbsp; Children may be exposed to:&nbsp;

Managing screen time is challenging for families.&nbsp; Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan.&nbsp; Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town).&nbsp; Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is watched with a caregiver.&nbsp; For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days.&nbsp; For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens.&nbsp; Turn off all screens during family meals and outings.&nbsp; Learn about and use parental controls.&nbsp; Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums.&nbsp; Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.&nbsp;

Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home.&nbsp; Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores.&nbsp; Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms.&nbsp; As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time.&nbsp; Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.&nbsp;

The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family.&nbsp; Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time.&nbsp; Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults.&nbsp; Development and health can be affected by too much screen time.&nbsp; Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly.&nbsp;

Other resources include: <a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan" target="_blank">www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan</a>&nbsp;

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or <a href="mailto:moniquek@ksu.edu" target="_blank">moniquek@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Monique Koerner Cottonwood Extension DistrictAccording to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers.&nbsp; On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.&nbsp;Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens.&nbsp; Children may be exposed to:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Violence and Risk-taking behaviors&nbsp;</li><li>Videos of stunts or challenges that may inspire unsafe behavior&nbsp;</li><li>Sexual content&nbsp;</li><li>Negative stereotypes&nbsp;</li><li>Substance use&nbsp;</li><li>Cyberbullies and predators&nbsp;</li><li>Advertising aimed at your child&nbsp;</li><li>Misleading or inaccurate information&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Too much screen time may lead to:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Sleep problems&nbsp;</li><li>Lower grades in school&nbsp;</li><li>Reading fewer books&nbsp;</li><li>Less time with family and friends&nbsp;</li><li>Not enough outdoor or physical activity&nbsp;</li><li>Weight problems&nbsp;</li>
 </ul><ul>
 <li>Mood problems&nbsp;</li><li>Poor self-image and body image issues&nbsp;</li><li>Fear of missing out&nbsp;</li><li>Less time learning other ways to relax and have fun&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Managing screen time is challenging for families.&nbsp; Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan.&nbsp; Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town).&nbsp; Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is watched with a caregiver.&nbsp; For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days.&nbsp; For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens.&nbsp; Turn off all screens during family meals and outings.&nbsp; Learn about and use parental controls.&nbsp; Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums.&nbsp; Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.&nbsp;Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home.&nbsp; Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores.&nbsp; Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms.&nbsp; As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time.&nbsp; Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.&nbsp;The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family.&nbsp; Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time.&nbsp; Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults.&nbsp; Development and health can be affected by too much screen time.&nbsp; Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly.&nbsp;Other resources include: <a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan" target="_blank">www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan</a>&nbsp;commonsensemedia.org&nbsp;aacap.org&nbsp;Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or <a href="mailto:moniquek@ksu.edu" target="_blank">moniquek@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

KOERNER: Tips to manage children screen time

I can’t
think about Christmas without thinking about recipes, and I can’t go through my
recipe box without thinking about Christmas. Index cards documenting
ingredients written in fading ink link me to decades of family and friends. 

My old-fashioned fudge recipe brings
to mind my great-grandmother, grandma, and mom standing before the stove
stirring that old black-handled pan passed down to each in turn. Linzer tarts
recall my husband’s mother and grandmother.&nbsp;
Stan’s favorite cut-out sugar cookies remind me of Sheri, the school
librarian. Sondra’s peanut butter blossoms evolved into a tradition my mom ate
til she emptied the plate. Jeanette’s snickerdoodles remind me of good people who
once worked at the old Ellis St. bank. That said, there’s a Christmas recipe I
love to make that honors my Volga German heritage that almost didn’t appear in
my treasured collection. Thank goodness, fate intervened to guarantee these
cookies decorate the Christmas cookie platter.

My Volga German family emigrated
from Russia to Rush County Kansas in the late 1800s, joining other newcomers in
central Kansas. Taking advantage of a strong work ethic and homesteading
opportunities, they farmed. Though her parents were born in Russia, Grandma and
most of her siblings came along after the family arrived in the new country. While
she grew up, her family spoke German at home, so she didn’t learn English until
she began first grade. As a result, Grandma spoke with a mild German accent all
her life. In fact, her kids, second generation Kansans, pronounced a few words
with a German twist. We didn’t have uncles in our family; we had onkles.

Born early in the new century,
Grandma reached adulthood as America entered World War I. Her older brother
interpreted for American forces, serving under John Pershing. While her brother
fought overseas, folks back home with German accents faced prejudice. Grandma
never shared her experiences, but she also never cooked German food for me.

Soon after we married, my husband’s
job transferred him to Ellis County, home to vibrant Volga German settlements.
One of my early jobs included teaching at Hays High where we had amazing Volga
German cooks. They served traditional school lunches like pizza and meatloaf,
but they occasionally included sides of German soups such as green bean
dumpling or bean and noodle soup. What had I missed all those years? On
everyone’s favorite lunch day, our kitchen wizards served hot-out-of-the-oven
bierocks. Walking toward the scent of hot bread, browned burger, cabbage, and
onions drove my taste buds crazy.

During the holidays on year, I
discovered spitzbuben. Holy cow, how had I grown up with a Volga German grandmother
and never eaten this buttery goodness? The next time we got together, I asked,
“Grandma, did your mom cook German food when you grew up?”

I responded, “I wondered because our
school cooks serve Volga German foods and desserts, and they’re really good. Why
didn’t we eat them at your house?”

Grandma was a tall woman who reared
back to her full 5’9’’. With a stronger than usual German accent, she informed
me, “I vas American and I fet my kits American food.” That ended the questions.


Thank goodness, Volga German
friends hooked me up with regional recipe books and offered guidance. Now I
cook Volga German recipes when the urge hits. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158626307.png" alt="Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>I can’t
think about Christmas without thinking about recipes, and I can’t go through my
recipe box without thinking about Christmas. Index cards documenting
ingredients written in fading ink link me to decades of family and friends. My old-fashioned fudge recipe brings
to mind my great-grandmother, grandma, and mom standing before the stove
stirring that old black-handled pan passed down to each in turn. Linzer tarts
recall my husband’s mother and grandmother.&nbsp;
Stan’s favorite cut-out sugar cookies remind me of Sheri, the school
librarian. Sondra’s peanut butter blossoms evolved into a tradition my mom ate
til she emptied the plate. Jeanette’s snickerdoodles remind me of good people who
once worked at the old Ellis St. bank. That said, there’s a Christmas recipe I
love to make that honors my Volga German heritage that almost didn’t appear in
my treasured collection. Thank goodness, fate intervened to guarantee these
cookies decorate the Christmas cookie platter.My Volga German family emigrated
from Russia to Rush County Kansas in the late 1800s, joining other newcomers in
central Kansas. Taking advantage of a strong work ethic and homesteading
opportunities, they farmed. Though her parents were born in Russia, Grandma and
most of her siblings came along after the family arrived in the new country. While
she grew up, her family spoke German at home, so she didn’t learn English until
she began first grade. As a result, Grandma spoke with a mild German accent all
her life. In fact, her kids, second generation Kansans, pronounced a few words
with a German twist. We didn’t have uncles in our family; we had onkles.Born early in the new century,
Grandma reached adulthood as America entered World War I. Her older brother
interpreted for American forces, serving under John Pershing. While her brother
fought overseas, folks back home with German accents faced prejudice. Grandma
never shared her experiences, but she also never cooked German food for me.Soon after we married, my husband’s
job transferred him to Ellis County, home to vibrant Volga German settlements.
One of my early jobs included teaching at Hays High where we had amazing Volga
German cooks. They served traditional school lunches like pizza and meatloaf,
but they occasionally included sides of German soups such as green bean
dumpling or bean and noodle soup. What had I missed all those years? On
everyone’s favorite lunch day, our kitchen wizards served hot-out-of-the-oven
bierocks. Walking toward the scent of hot bread, browned burger, cabbage, and
onions drove my taste buds crazy.During the holidays on year, I
discovered spitzbuben. Holy cow, how had I grown up with a Volga German grandmother
and never eaten this buttery goodness? The next time we got together, I asked,
“Grandma, did your mom cook German food when you grew up?”She answered, “Yes, why?”I responded, “I wondered because our
school cooks serve Volga German foods and desserts, and they’re really good. Why
didn’t we eat them at your house?”<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1702072498072.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Grandma was a tall woman who reared
back to her full 5’9’’. With a stronger than usual German accent, she informed
me, “I vas American and I fet my kits American food.” That ended the questions.
Thank goodness, Volga German
friends hooked me up with regional recipe books and offered guidance. Now I
cook Volga German recipes when the urge hits.

MADORIN: Recipes I Nearly Missed

After the holidays, KSRE has several upcoming programs to help you with your operation. For more information, you can contact me at 620-793-1910. We hope to see you at our programs.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedAfter the holidays, KSRE has several upcoming programs to help you with your operation. For more information, you can contact me at 620-793-1910. We hope to see you at our programs.Calving SchoolOn January 4th at 5:30 pm, 21 Central District will host a Calving School at the Stafford County Annex Building, 210 East Third, St. John.The evening will start with a meal catered by Wheatland Café. Cost is $10 per person with the help of sponsors, including: South Fork Veterinary Hospital, Xtra Factors, and 701x Autonomous Rancher.Dr A.J. Tarpoff, KSRE Beef Veterinarian will cover topics including: Stages of the normal calving process and tips to handle difficult calving situations, when and how to intervene, the calving process, and demonstrating proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.A calving kit door prize drawing will happen at the end of the evening, sponsored by South Wind Animal Health.To Register: call the Stafford County Extension Office at 620-549-3502. Please RSVP by December 27th, for meal planning.Cow-calf Clinic, January 10thKansas State University beef extension specialists and agents will host a cow-calf production clinic January 10th at the Ellis County Extension office located at 601 Main St in Hays.The clinic is scheduled from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and will focus on “Navigating Opportunities and Risks: Production and Forage Considerations,” with discussion on local conditions encountered by cow-calf producers.The clinics will also include interactive polls, forage sampling in a drought year, implications of -forage sampling and presentation by K-State agricultural economist Jenny Ifft, who will discuss making dollars and cents of risk management tools.There will be a $10 cost payable at the door and a meal will be provided. RSVP by Jan. 5th for a meal count by calling 785-628-9430 or emailing Theresa Meis at tam3@ksu.edu.Agricultural Producers MeetingExtension agents Clint Laflin and Alicia Boor will host a joint extension program in Ellsworth, Kans. on Thursday January 18th, 2023. Topics covered include financial budgeting, understanding interest rate trends, risk management insurance options, and farm family transitions.Experts from local banks, the Kansas Farm Management Association, and Kansas State Research and Extension will serve as speakers, and be on hand to answer attendee questions.Registration cost is $10 payable at the door by cash or check. The event will take place at the Ellsworth Health and Recreation Center: 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth, KS 67439.Registration begins at 9:00 a.m. with coffee and doughnuts provided, followed by our first speaker. The event will conclude by 3 p.m.An RSVP is requested by Friday, January 12th to give organizers an accurate count for our catered lunch provided to attendees. To register please email or call Midway District Livestock Agent, Clint Laflin, at cllaflin@ksu.edu, or 785-483-3157.Alfalfa and forage meeting to be held January 24th in Great BendK-State Research and Extension along with the Kansas Forage and Grasslands council are hosting an Alfalfa and Forage school on January 24th at the Burnside Room, 1214 Stone Street in Great Bend. The meeting will be held from 10-2 and will include discussions over planting practices, fertility, water use efficiency, economics, entomology, and weed control. The cost to attend is free for members of KFGC and 45.00 for non-members, which will include a one-year membership. RSVP to Alicia Boor at aboor@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910 by January 19th.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.