Kansas businesses will see a positive change when submitting required filings with the Secretary of State’s office in 2024. 

During the 2021 Kansas legislative session, my office introduced a bill which became law that will reduce the filing requirements with our office and cut government paperwork. 

Every year, Kansas business owners have been required to file an annual report with the Secretary of State’s office. This will soon change. 

Starting in January, Kansas businesses will file an “Information Report” every two years instead of an “Annual Report” every year. 

Although the content of the report will remain the same, the transition from annual filings to biennial filings will reduce paperwork for Kansas business owners allowing them to focus more on their business and less time with the government. 

A business’ filing year will be determined by the year in which the business was formed. Those formed in even years will file in even years, and those formed in odd years will file in odd years. 

For more information about biennial filing or to get your business formation and filing date, please visit <a href="http://sos.ks.gov">sos.ks.gov</a>.

Scott Schwab Kansas Secretary of State&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698457254851.jpeg" alt="Kansas Secretary of State Scott Schwab" />
 <figcaption>Kansas Secretary of State Scott Schwab</figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas businesses will see a positive change when submitting required filings with the Secretary of State’s office in 2024. During the 2021 Kansas legislative session, my office introduced a bill which became law that will reduce the filing requirements with our office and cut government paperwork. Every year, Kansas business owners have been required to file an annual report with the Secretary of State’s office. This will soon change. Starting in January, Kansas businesses will file an “Information Report” every two years instead of an “Annual Report” every year. Although the content of the report will remain the same, the transition from annual filings to biennial filings will reduce paperwork for Kansas business owners allowing them to focus more on their business and less time with the government. A business’ filing year will be determined by the year in which the business was formed. Those formed in even years will file in even years, and those formed in odd years will file in odd years. For more information about biennial filing or to get your business formation and filing date, please visit <a href="http://sos.ks.gov">sos.ks.gov</a>. Scott Schwab Kansas Secretary of State&nbsp;

LETTER: Transition to biennial filings reduces paperwork for Kansas business owners

Just the other day, I was reminiscing with someone else my age the days of our youth, and though I’ve told this story before, it came to my mind amidst the memories, and is just too good not to repeat. So, grab a snack, sit back and enjoy “Wimpy and the Woodchuck.”

As a kid growing up in the farm country of central Ohio, my summer income came from the same source as all other farm boys near and far -&nbsp; baling hay! I know I’m aging myself here, but we’re talking pre-round bale days; we’re talking wagon load after wagon load of at least 100 small square bales apiece, loaded on wagons pulled behind the baler, taken to the barn, unloaded onto an elevator and stacked into the loft. 

The farm boys in our neighborhood were the usual ornery, free-spirited lot, but we all knew how to work hard, and come hayin’ time each year we became a necessary commodity to most local farmers. 

Such was the case with Chester Campbell. “Chet” as he was known, lived across the road from me, was a grouchy ol’ cuss and for reasons unknown, didn’t seem to care much for us neighborhood boys. I think the feelings were mutual, but like I said, once his hay was down, we became “golden.”

Ohio has groundhogs like Kansas has coyotes; wherever there is ground there are groundhogs. 

Groundhogs, best known as woodchucks, look like overgrown prairie dogs, short stumpy tail and all, and can easily grow to weigh ten pounds or more. They have two sharp incisor teeth in the front of their mouth, much like a beaver, and eat all types of green plant life. They dig their burrows in fence rows and woodlots where they can easily sneak out into fields of young growing crops and wreak havoc. Like mini-combines, they choose a row of tender young soybean plants, straddle the row and eat every plant off to the ground for several feet.

We had a dog named “Silly” who was a groundhog slayin’ machine. Silly knew just how and where to grab them, and would shake them till their teeth rattled. One day we heard a huge ruckus coming from the cornfield by the house. Upon investigation, it was Silly who had caught a groundhog, probably sneaking through the cornfield on its way back to the safety of its den. When the fight was over, Silly was victorious as usual, the groundhog was dead and a patch of corn the size of a pickup was flattened from the fray.

Now old man Campbell also had a dog, sort of a cross between a beagle and a basset, named Wimpy. As I remember Wimpy was a good old dog, just not the “sharpest knife in the drawer,” if you know what I mean. 

This particular day, Campbell’s hay was ready to bale, and, as usual, three of us neighbor boys suddenly became handier to him than sliced bread! The hay field was bordered by a creek on one side and by woods on one end, and those borders were riddled with woodchuck dens.

Empty wagons were pulled behind the baler, and when one was loaded, we stopped long enough to unhook the loaded one, hook up to the empty behind us and go again. In the middle of one such exchange, we heard the most awful wailing, screeching and thrashing imaginable coming from the nearby field edge. The three of us ran to investigate and found Wimpy in the weeds with a big groundhog fastened securely to the end of his snout! Around and around they went, the woodchuck showing no intentions of letting go.

We all knew better than to try and interrupt the festivities barehanded, so we scrambled to find something to end the brawl and save Wimpy’s snout. The back of all the hay wagons had metal “pockets” welded to them into which wooden racks could be inserted to provide something solid to stack the back row of hay bales against. One wagon happened to have just single 2x4’s in those pockets, so someone grabbed one and ran back to the brawl. After taking careful aim amidst the ball of thrashing fur, a well placed wallop across the groundhogs back dropped it to the ground and sent it diving for its burrow minus Wimpy, who raced shrieking toward the house. So ended Wimpy's close encounter with the woodchuck, and I sincerely doubt he ever saw one that close again.

Although I’ve not heard of groundhogs in my neck of the woods, they are in eastern Kansas and will probably someday make their way here much like the armadillos have. Each time I go to Hutchinson I marvel at the prairie dog “city” there around the mall, and I think to myself that if our commercial food supply was ever cut off and I wanted something different than fish or venison, I’d simply head to the mall with a pellet gun and fill my freezer; I’m sure prairie dog tastes just like chicken!

Steve Gilliland, Inman, can be contacted by email at&nbsp;stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland</figcaption>
 </figure>Just the other day, I was reminiscing with someone else my age the days of our youth, and though I’ve told this story before, it came to my mind amidst the memories, and is just too good not to repeat. So, grab a snack, sit back and enjoy “Wimpy and the Woodchuck.”As a kid growing up in the farm country of central Ohio, my summer income came from the same source as all other farm boys near and far -&nbsp; baling hay! I know I’m aging myself here, but we’re talking pre-round bale days; we’re talking wagon load after wagon load of at least 100 small square bales apiece, loaded on wagons pulled behind the baler, taken to the barn, unloaded onto an elevator and stacked into the loft. The farm boys in our neighborhood were the usual ornery, free-spirited lot, but we all knew how to work hard, and come hayin’ time each year we became a necessary commodity to most local farmers. Such was the case with Chester Campbell. “Chet” as he was known, lived across the road from me, was a grouchy ol’ cuss and for reasons unknown, didn’t seem to care much for us neighborhood boys. I think the feelings were mutual, but like I said, once his hay was down, we became “golden.”Ohio has groundhogs like Kansas has coyotes; wherever there is ground there are groundhogs. Groundhogs, best known as woodchucks, look like overgrown prairie dogs, short stumpy tail and all, and can easily grow to weigh ten pounds or more. They have two sharp incisor teeth in the front of their mouth, much like a beaver, and eat all types of green plant life. They dig their burrows in fence rows and woodlots where they can easily sneak out into fields of young growing crops and wreak havoc. Like mini-combines, they choose a row of tender young soybean plants, straddle the row and eat every plant off to the ground for several feet.We had a dog named “Silly” who was a groundhog slayin’ machine. Silly knew just how and where to grab them, and would shake them till their teeth rattled. One day we heard a huge ruckus coming from the cornfield by the house. Upon investigation, it was Silly who had caught a groundhog, probably sneaking through the cornfield on its way back to the safety of its den. When the fight was over, Silly was victorious as usual, the groundhog was dead and a patch of corn the size of a pickup was flattened from the fray.Now old man Campbell also had a dog, sort of a cross between a beagle and a basset, named Wimpy. As I remember Wimpy was a good old dog, just not the “sharpest knife in the drawer,” if you know what I mean. This particular day, Campbell’s hay was ready to bale, and, as usual, three of us neighbor boys suddenly became handier to him than sliced bread! The hay field was bordered by a creek on one side and by woods on one end, and those borders were riddled with woodchuck dens.Empty wagons were pulled behind the baler, and when one was loaded, we stopped long enough to unhook the loaded one, hook up to the empty behind us and go again. In the middle of one such exchange, we heard the most awful wailing, screeching and thrashing imaginable coming from the nearby field edge. The three of us ran to investigate and found Wimpy in the weeds with a big groundhog fastened securely to the end of his snout! Around and around they went, the woodchuck showing no intentions of letting go.We all knew better than to try and interrupt the festivities barehanded, so we scrambled to find something to end the brawl and save Wimpy’s snout. The back of all the hay wagons had metal “pockets” welded to them into which wooden racks could be inserted to provide something solid to stack the back row of hay bales against. One wagon happened to have just single 2x4’s in those pockets, so someone grabbed one and ran back to the brawl. After taking careful aim amidst the ball of thrashing fur, a well placed wallop across the groundhogs back dropped it to the ground and sent it diving for its burrow minus Wimpy, who raced shrieking toward the house. So ended Wimpy's close encounter with the woodchuck, and I sincerely doubt he ever saw one that close again.Although I’ve not heard of groundhogs in my neck of the woods, they are in eastern Kansas and will probably someday make their way here much like the armadillos have. Each time I go to Hutchinson I marvel at the prairie dog “city” there around the mall, and I think to myself that if our commercial food supply was ever cut off and I wanted something different than fish or venison, I’d simply head to the mall with a pellet gun and fill my freezer; I’m sure prairie dog tastes just like chicken!Continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors.Steve Gilliland, Inman, can be contacted by email at&nbsp;stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Exploring Kansas Outdoors: Wimpy and the woodchuck

As a Kansas&nbsp;specialty clinic nurse manager with over 17 years of experience in the healthcare field,&nbsp;I have grown concerned about SB 234.

SB 234, if passed, would weaken the Kansas public's health providers’ ability to respond to state residents' healthcare needs and concerns.&nbsp;

As it stands, patients may produce their consent for providers to refer them to other care professionals. However, this bill would mandate providers initially go through an overly bureaucratic, time-consuming approval process that could add several weeks of time before an individual&nbsp;receives the help he or she desperately needs.&nbsp;

Speed is often our top concern when it comes to making referrals. Ordinarily, individuals solicit&nbsp;care only after they have become remarkably vulnerable and their circumstances become dire. All the referrals we make for them first require the patient’s consent, so extending&nbsp;another time-consuming layer of bureaucracy into an already bureaucratic process is entirely&nbsp;unnecessary and counterproductive.&nbsp;

The federal government, coupled with&nbsp;the state of Kansas, already thoroughly protect patients’ personal information through HIPAA and other time-tested measures. Additionally, the current referral system has several layers of built-in security measures to prevent their documents from being viewed by those who are not privileged. 

The care delays that SB 234 would belabor on this process would be subtractive, not addictive, to Kansans’ welfare.&nbsp;

Today, Kansans already suffer tremendously from a lack of speedy healthcare. Kansas ranks dead last in the nation for access to mental health resources. Further, rural and metropolitan counties only have an average of 0.8 and 1.5 physicians per 1,000 people, respectively.&nbsp;

A study at the National Library of Medicine, published by Kansas State University, indicates that, “Kansas public health practitioners identified several barriers to public health and marginalized populations, suggestion an important lack of public health nationally in the U.S. are reflected in local public health in Kansas.” On the authority of the Kansas care providers interviewed, affordable care access and long travel times are two of the top barriers to access.

The responsibility to navigate these barriers and sensitivities falls on the state’s care facilities and organizations working with the Kansas Health Department. Patients already have enough on their minds to worry about, and they do not have the same industry of information and knowledge that we do, which allows them to rise above these state barriers to care access. 

The referrals we provide are what allow&nbsp;them to get the help they need. However, should SB 234 pass,&nbsp;it will become significantly harder for us to refer Kansans to care providers who can meet their unique circumstances.

The Kansas Association of Local Health Departments, Kansas Association of School Boards, and a slew of county governments and health departments oppose SB 234. 

The bill is misguided and does not consider the current dynamics of the Kansas healthcare industry. Our elected representatives need to reject the measure while they still can.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698091063975.png" alt="Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>As a Kansas&nbsp;specialty clinic nurse manager with over 17 years of experience in the healthcare field,&nbsp;I have grown concerned about SB 234. SB 234, if passed, would weaken the Kansas public's health providers’ ability to respond to state residents' healthcare needs and concerns.&nbsp;As it stands, patients may produce their consent for providers to refer them to other care professionals. However, this bill would mandate providers initially go through an overly bureaucratic, time-consuming approval process that could add several weeks of time before an individual&nbsp;receives the help he or she desperately needs.&nbsp;Speed is often our top concern when it comes to making referrals. Ordinarily, individuals solicit&nbsp;care only after they have become remarkably vulnerable and their circumstances become dire. All the referrals we make for them first require the patient’s consent, so extending&nbsp;another time-consuming layer of bureaucracy into an already bureaucratic process is entirely&nbsp;unnecessary and counterproductive.&nbsp;The federal government, coupled with&nbsp;the state of Kansas, already thoroughly protect patients’ personal information through HIPAA and other time-tested measures. Additionally, the current referral system has several layers of built-in security measures to prevent their documents from being viewed by those who are not privileged. The care delays that SB 234 would belabor on this process would be subtractive, not addictive, to Kansans’ welfare.&nbsp;Today, Kansans already suffer tremendously from a lack of speedy healthcare. Kansas ranks dead last in the nation for access to mental health resources. Further, rural and metropolitan counties only have an average of 0.8 and 1.5 physicians per 1,000 people, respectively.&nbsp;A study at the National Library of Medicine, published by Kansas State University, indicates that, “Kansas public health practitioners identified several barriers to public health and marginalized populations, suggestion an important lack of public health nationally in the U.S. are reflected in local public health in Kansas.” On the authority of the Kansas care providers interviewed, affordable care access and long travel times are two of the top barriers to access.The responsibility to navigate these barriers and sensitivities falls on the state’s care facilities and organizations working with the Kansas Health Department. Patients already have enough on their minds to worry about, and they do not have the same industry of information and knowledge that we do, which allows them to rise above these state barriers to care access. The referrals we provide are what allow&nbsp;them to get the help they need. However, should SB 234 pass,&nbsp;it will become significantly harder for us to refer Kansans to care providers who can meet their unique circumstances.The Kansas Association of Local Health Departments, Kansas Association of School Boards, and a slew of county governments and health departments oppose SB 234. The bill is misguided and does not consider the current dynamics of the Kansas healthcare industry. Our elected representatives need to reject the measure while they still can.&nbsp;Rachael Rushton Norton

LETTER: Need for speedy health and social care in Kansas 

In a few days, voters across Kansas will choose members of their city’s governing councils. In some cases they’ll also be voting for mayors; when they aren’t, it’s because their city elected a mayor during the previous odd-year cycle, or because the mayor is chosen from among those elected to the city council by an internal vote.

But whether the mayor is separately elected or not, there are two things nearly all of these elections have in common. First, not very many voters will participate in them. Second, those who do participate aren’t really voting for who will be in charge of where they live.

That’s a broad claim, and not an entirely fair one. Those elected to municipal positions truly do have the responsibility to make decisions about taxes, spending, investment, infrastructure, public safety, and more. Since those decisions profoundly affect Kansas towns and cities, doesn’t that mean they deserve to be called “in charge” of those localities?

Well, yes. But still: who drafted the budgets which framed the available options for possible taxes and spending? Who studied the proposals and made investment recommendations? Who worked out plans and priorities for infrastructure maintenance? While those elected to city governments can, through their decisions, enable cities to pursue various agendas, in the end they are mostly not deciding what goes onto those agendas in the first place.

Who does? City managers and their staff, that’s who.

A hundred years ago, broad disgust with corruption in municipal governments, along with the great faith many felt in the power of specialization and expertise, led to a wave of reforms across the United States. Specific executive power was often taken away from municipal officials and given to professionals who were hired to take care of the fine details of taxation, development, and more. Many would argue that this led to great practical improvements in how cities and towns are administered, and there is some evidence in support of that claim. But it also led to an abiding democratic deficit: so much of the day-to-day decisions in cities across America are made, or at least defined, by unelected professionals, not those who seek the people’s votes.

Kansas municipalities overwhelmingly maintain these kind of council-manager governments, where the mayor is equal to all other members of city council, discussing and voting up or down on what the city manager and their permanent city staff put before them. The contrary governing system—a “strong mayor” system, such as was preserved in cities like Tulsa, Omaha, and elsewhere—is one where the mayor is the true chief executive of the city, who appoints a staff and negotiates with the city council, which in turn serves as genuine legislative body, advancing the specific (admittedly, often partisan) interests of those who elected them in their districts.

Many defenders of Kansas’s dominant council-manager approach insist that it is appropriate for sewers, roads, parks, and more to be overseen by professionals; they assume that returning detailed executive responsibility to elected politicians would only polarize city governments the way America’s state and national governments are polarized. That’s a fair point.

But it is also fair to point out that one possible reason that participation in local elections is often so often low is because many voters may realize that those they are electing are sometimes almost more an oversight body to the professionals who actually run their city, rather than the other way around. If we want local turnout to change, perhaps government structures need to change too.

Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1586443443315.jpeg" alt="Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>In a few days, voters across Kansas will choose members of their city’s governing councils. In some cases they’ll also be voting for mayors; when they aren’t, it’s because their city elected a mayor during the previous odd-year cycle, or because the mayor is chosen from among those elected to the city council by an internal vote.But whether the mayor is separately elected or not, there are two things nearly all of these elections have in common. First, not very many voters will participate in them. Second, those who do participate aren’t really voting for who will be in charge of where they live.That’s a broad claim, and not an entirely fair one. Those elected to municipal positions truly do have the responsibility to make decisions about taxes, spending, investment, infrastructure, public safety, and more. Since those decisions profoundly affect Kansas towns and cities, doesn’t that mean they deserve to be called “in charge” of those localities?Well, yes. But still: who drafted the budgets which framed the available options for possible taxes and spending? Who studied the proposals and made investment recommendations? Who worked out plans and priorities for infrastructure maintenance? While those elected to city governments can, through their decisions, enable cities to pursue various agendas, in the end they are mostly not deciding what goes onto those agendas in the first place.Who does? City managers and their staff, that’s who.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575913663048.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>A hundred years ago, broad disgust with corruption in municipal governments, along with the great faith many felt in the power of specialization and expertise, led to a wave of reforms across the United States. Specific executive power was often taken away from municipal officials and given to professionals who were hired to take care of the fine details of taxation, development, and more. Many would argue that this led to great practical improvements in how cities and towns are administered, and there is some evidence in support of that claim. But it also led to an abiding democratic deficit: so much of the day-to-day decisions in cities across America are made, or at least defined, by unelected professionals, not those who seek the people’s votes.Kansas municipalities overwhelmingly maintain these kind of council-manager governments, where the mayor is equal to all other members of city council, discussing and voting up or down on what the city manager and their permanent city staff put before them. The contrary governing system—a “strong mayor” system, such as was preserved in cities like Tulsa, Omaha, and elsewhere—is one where the mayor is the true chief executive of the city, who appoints a staff and negotiates with the city council, which in turn serves as genuine legislative body, advancing the specific (admittedly, often partisan) interests of those who elected them in their districts.Many defenders of Kansas’s dominant council-manager approach insist that it is appropriate for sewers, roads, parks, and more to be overseen by professionals; they assume that returning detailed executive responsibility to elected politicians would only polarize city governments the way America’s state and national governments are polarized. That’s a fair point.But it is also fair to point out that one possible reason that participation in local elections is often so often low is because many voters may realize that those they are electing are sometimes almost more an oversight body to the professionals who actually run their city, rather than the other way around. If we want local turnout to change, perhaps government structures need to change too.Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Who governs Kansas cities after those cities vote?

Do you like water conservation and really want to convey the message to the public?&nbsp; Well, have I got the position for you!&nbsp; 4-H Water Ambassadors are a group of teens in Barton and Ellis counties that focus on the importance of water quality, water conservation, and water careers.

My name is Jonas Kern and I’m a sophomore at Ellinwood High School.&nbsp; 

I have been a 4-H20 ambassador for two years.&nbsp; My favorite part of being an ambassador with this program is the opportunity to learn and present.&nbsp; I am heavily involved in the wildlife project within 4-H.&nbsp; Teaching about the importance of water as a natural resource helped me reach my project goals.

To be a water ambassador, teens must apply to join and then attend two training sessions where they learn about different leadership and presentation skills.&nbsp; After training in Hays, the ambassador team gets to tour the municipal water treatment plant, and the wastewater treatment plant.&nbsp; There are a lot of steps to ensure we have clean and safe drinking water!&nbsp; 

The other training is held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, and we get to tour the Cheyenne Bottoms wetland and learn how water acts and affects the environment.&nbsp; 

During the training, we learn to lead activities to teach others about water.&nbsp; I personally like to lead the “Incredible Journey.”&nbsp; It is an activity where you become a water molecule and travel through the water cycle.&nbsp; You might end up in an animal, a cloud, or an ocean.&nbsp; Students create a bracelet with beads to remind them of their trip through the hydrosphere.&nbsp; I led the activity at the state 4-H Discovery Days and at the Barton County Fair.

And that is what water ambassadors is all about.&nbsp; After we learn how to do cool activities, we go out and lead presentations at a variety of places, like the Hays Public Library, Sternberg Museum, or the Kansas Wetlands Education Center.&nbsp; We are always looking for opportunities to present for other organizations.

If you are interested in being an ambassador or want the ambassadors to present at your event, contact the Cottonwood District Extension Office.&nbsp; Michelle Beran in Barton County at 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:BT@listserv.ksu.edu">BT@listserv.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and Tamara Robertson in Ellis County at 785-628-9430 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:el@listserv.ksu.edu">el@listserv.ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp; Applications for the 2023-2024 team will be due December 1.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698420858900.jpeg" alt="4-H20 Ambassador Jonas Kern, Ellinwood, at the Fort Hays State University Kansas Wetlands Education Center in Cheyenne Bottoms near Great Bend. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>4-H20 Ambassador Jonas Kern, Ellinwood, at the Fort Hays State University Kansas Wetlands Education Center in Cheyenne Bottoms near Great Bend. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Do you like water conservation and really want to convey the message to the public?&nbsp; Well, have I got the position for you!&nbsp; 4-H Water Ambassadors are a group of teens in Barton and Ellis counties that focus on the importance of water quality, water conservation, and water careers.My name is Jonas Kern and I’m a sophomore at Ellinwood High School.&nbsp; I have been a 4-H20 ambassador for two years.&nbsp; My favorite part of being an ambassador with this program is the opportunity to learn and present.&nbsp; I am heavily involved in the wildlife project within 4-H.&nbsp; Teaching about the importance of water as a natural resource helped me reach my project goals.To be a water ambassador, teens must apply to join and then attend two training sessions where they learn about different leadership and presentation skills.&nbsp; After training in Hays, the ambassador team gets to tour the municipal water treatment plant, and the wastewater treatment plant.&nbsp; There are a lot of steps to ensure we have clean and safe drinking water!&nbsp; The other training is held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center, and we get to tour the Cheyenne Bottoms wetland and learn how water acts and affects the environment.&nbsp; During the training, we learn to lead activities to teach others about water.&nbsp; I personally like to lead the “Incredible Journey.”&nbsp; It is an activity where you become a water molecule and travel through the water cycle.&nbsp; You might end up in an animal, a cloud, or an ocean.&nbsp; Students create a bracelet with beads to remind them of their trip through the hydrosphere.&nbsp; I led the activity at the state 4-H Discovery Days and at the Barton County Fair.And that is what water ambassadors is all about.&nbsp; After we learn how to do cool activities, we go out and lead presentations at a variety of places, like the Hays Public Library, Sternberg Museum, or the Kansas Wetlands Education Center.&nbsp; We are always looking for opportunities to present for other organizations.If you are interested in being an ambassador or want the ambassadors to present at your event, contact the Cottonwood District Extension Office.&nbsp; Michelle Beran in Barton County at 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:BT@listserv.ksu.edu">BT@listserv.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and Tamara Robertson in Ellis County at 785-628-9430 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:el@listserv.ksu.edu">el@listserv.ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp; Applications for the 2023-2024 team will be due December 1.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: 4-H Water Ambassadors program looking for new members

The weeks between harvest and when snow flies can be a good time to evaluate and perform maintenance on terraces. 

In Kansas, over 9 million acres of land is protected by more than 290,000 miles of terraces, making Kansas number two in the U.S. for this soil and water conservation practice. 

To accomplish the goal of erosion control and water savings, terraces must have adequate capacity, ridge height, and channel width.&nbsp;

Without adequate capacity to carry water, terraces will be overtopped by runoff in a heavy storm. Overtopping causes erosion of the terrace ridge, terrace back slope, and lower terraces and may result in severe gullies. 

Terraces are typically designed to handle runoff from a 1-in-10-year storm. The rainfall amounts for such a storm are approximately five inches for eastern Kansas, four inches for central, and three inches for western Kansas during a 24-hour period.&nbsp;

Terraces need regular maintenance to function for a long life. 

Erosion by water, wind, and tillage wears the ridge down and deposits sediment in the channel, decreasing the effective ridge height, and channel capacity. The amount of capacity loss depends on the type and number of tillage operations, topography, soil properties, crop residue, and precipitation. Terrace maintenance restores capacity by removing sediment from the channel and rebuilding ridge height.&nbsp;

Typically, more frequent maintenance is required for steep slopes and/or highly erodible soils. Annual maintenance is necessary for intense tillage operations and heavy rainfall runoff. Less frequent maintenance is often adequate with high residue levels or where lower rainfall occurs and runoff intensity is low.&nbsp;

Check for needed repairs; terraces degrade naturally by erosion and sediment, and can be damaged by machinery, animals, settling, and erosion. Check terraces and terrace outlets regularly (at least annually) for needed repairs. 

The best time to check is after rains, when erosion, sedimentation, and unevenness in elevation are easiest to spot. Specific items to note are overtopping, low or narrow terrace ridges, water ponding in the channel, terrace outlets, erosion, and sediment clogging near waterway or pipe outlets.&nbsp;

Terraces should be considered only a part of an overall erosion control plan. Use of conservation farming methods, especially residue maintenance, compliments erosion control structures and has been shown to be both economically and environmentally sound.&nbsp;

Information provided by DeAnn Presley, K-State Soil Management Specialist. Additional sources for technical information include local USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service and county conservation district offices.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>The weeks between harvest and when snow flies can be a good time to evaluate and perform maintenance on terraces. In Kansas, over 9 million acres of land is protected by more than 290,000 miles of terraces, making Kansas number two in the U.S. for this soil and water conservation practice. To accomplish the goal of erosion control and water savings, terraces must have adequate capacity, ridge height, and channel width.&nbsp;Without adequate capacity to carry water, terraces will be overtopped by runoff in a heavy storm. Overtopping causes erosion of the terrace ridge, terrace back slope, and lower terraces and may result in severe gullies. Terraces are typically designed to handle runoff from a 1-in-10-year storm. The rainfall amounts for such a storm are approximately five inches for eastern Kansas, four inches for central, and three inches for western Kansas during a 24-hour period.&nbsp;Terraces need regular maintenance to function for a long life. Erosion by water, wind, and tillage wears the ridge down and deposits sediment in the channel, decreasing the effective ridge height, and channel capacity. The amount of capacity loss depends on the type and number of tillage operations, topography, soil properties, crop residue, and precipitation. Terrace maintenance restores capacity by removing sediment from the channel and rebuilding ridge height.&nbsp;Typically, more frequent maintenance is required for steep slopes and/or highly erodible soils. Annual maintenance is necessary for intense tillage operations and heavy rainfall runoff. Less frequent maintenance is often adequate with high residue levels or where lower rainfall occurs and runoff intensity is low.&nbsp;Check for needed repairs; terraces degrade naturally by erosion and sediment, and can be damaged by machinery, animals, settling, and erosion. Check terraces and terrace outlets regularly (at least annually) for needed repairs. The best time to check is after rains, when erosion, sedimentation, and unevenness in elevation are easiest to spot. Specific items to note are overtopping, low or narrow terrace ridges, water ponding in the channel, terrace outlets, erosion, and sediment clogging near waterway or pipe outlets.&nbsp;Terraces should be considered only a part of an overall erosion control plan. Use of conservation farming methods, especially residue maintenance, compliments erosion control structures and has been shown to be both economically and environmentally sound.&nbsp;Information provided by DeAnn Presley, K-State Soil Management Specialist. Additional sources for technical information include local USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service and county conservation district offices.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.

CAMPBELL: Check terraces now for needed repairs and maintenance 

Benjamin Franklin is credited with saying, “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.” Local cities, school districts and the county have recently completed their 2024 budgets, and soon, property owners will receive their annual property tax statements.

Of course, none of us like to pay taxes, and there are few issues that generate more indigestion, but at the risk of creating heartburn, I thought I would provide some data that I believe is relevant.

I often hear the comment that “taxes are too high in Hays.” When I hear this, my initial thought is compared to what? Compared to other Kansas communities our size? Compared to what they were a few years ago? It isn’t reasonable to say something is too high without some basis for comparison.

The chart below reflects comparable communities across Kansas, the median listing price of homes for sale (per Realtor.com), their mill levies, and corresponding property taxes experienced in those communities.

We compare very well with these communities in terms of property tax costs.

Taxpayers in the city of Hays have long enjoyed one of the lowest mill levies in the state. There are several reasons for this.

●	In 2004, the residents of the city of Hays voted to fund the city general fund via sales tax versus property taxes. This has resulted in a reduction in the city levy to about 25 mills since that time. ●	Ellis County is consistently the top oil-producing county in the state of Kansas. In 2022, oil properties comprised 8.52 percent of the county's taxable valuation. The property taxes paid on these oil properties result in lower overall property taxes for other property owners. ●	For 40 years, the residents of USD 489 chose not to invest in school facilities. By doing so, the levy for USD 489 remained low. However, the bill came due, and in May of 2022, a $143.5 million bond was passed, resulting in an 11 mill levy increase.

Another consideration is where our property tax dollars go. Below is a chart reflecting the break out of the levies by the various entities and the percentage of the property tax bill they represent.

Undoubtedly, increased costs of all types create a hardship for low and fixed-income residents, and this is an ongoing challenge. However, in my experience, Hays city commissioners, Ellis County commissioners, USD 489 board members, and their staffs do a very good job making financially prudent decisions and managing costs. They are mindful of spending and invest public funds wisely.

Property taxes fund much in our community, including schools, streets,&nbsp;county roads and bridges, fire departments, city and county law enforcement,&nbsp;parks and recreation, libraries, and many other quality-of-life amenities. We&nbsp;have a wonderful community and much to be thankful for, but Benjamin&nbsp;Franklin was right. “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.”

— Doug Williams, executive director of Grow Hays

Benjamin Franklin is credited with saying, “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.” Local cities, school districts and the county have recently completed their 2024 budgets, and soon, property owners will receive their annual property tax statements.Of course, none of us like to pay taxes, and there are few issues that generate more indigestion, but at the risk of creating heartburn, I thought I would provide some data that I believe is relevant.I often hear the comment that “taxes are too high in Hays.” When I hear this, my initial thought is compared to what? Compared to other Kansas communities our size? Compared to what they were a few years ago? It isn’t reasonable to say something is too high without some basis for comparison.The chart below reflects comparable communities across Kansas, the median listing price of homes for sale (per Realtor.com), their mill levies, and corresponding property taxes experienced in those communities.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1699022903433.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>We compare very well with these communities in terms of property tax costs.Taxpayers in the city of Hays have long enjoyed one of the lowest mill levies in the state. There are several reasons for this.●	In 2004, the residents of the city of Hays voted to fund the city general fund via sales tax versus property taxes. This has resulted in a reduction in the city levy to about 25 mills since that time. ●	Ellis County is consistently the top oil-producing county in the state of Kansas. In 2022, oil properties comprised 8.52 percent of the county's taxable valuation. The property taxes paid on these oil properties result in lower overall property taxes for other property owners. ●	For 40 years, the residents of USD 489 chose not to invest in school facilities. By doing so, the levy for USD 489 remained low. However, the bill came due, and in May of 2022, a $143.5 million bond was passed, resulting in an 11 mill levy increase.Another consideration is where our property tax dollars go. Below is a chart reflecting the break out of the levies by the various entities and the percentage of the property tax bill they represent.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1699023022713.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Undoubtedly, increased costs of all types create a hardship for low and fixed-income residents, and this is an ongoing challenge. However, in my experience, Hays city commissioners, Ellis County commissioners, USD 489 board members, and their staffs do a very good job making financially prudent decisions and managing costs. They are mindful of spending and invest public funds wisely.Property taxes fund much in our community, including schools, streets,&nbsp;county roads and bridges, fire departments, city and county law enforcement,&nbsp;parks and recreation, libraries, and many other quality-of-life amenities. We&nbsp;have a wonderful community and much to be thankful for, but Benjamin&nbsp;Franklin was right. “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.”— Doug Williams, executive director of Grow Hays

Letter: Death and taxes

This column continues exploring the 1913 – 1914 Second Annual Catalogue of Ellis Public Schools. This portion deals with the curricula for the College Preparatory Course. Keep in mind the limited faculty available to prepare Ellis youth for their futures.

According to the catalogue, the district (or perhaps the state) required 15 units for graduation. Those desiring to attend college needed to take and pass “at least two units of a foreign language and three units in one subject besides English, to be taken from the following: Foreign Language, Mathematics, History, Natural Science.”

The catalogue adds an explanation stating, “In the branches that do not require preparation by the student outside of the recitation a unit of credit is given for a course of daily exercises extending through the year with double eighty-minute periods, and a half unit of credit is given for a course extending through the year with forty-minute periods.”

In additional paragraphs, the catalogue records that, “The Normal Training Course meets the requirements of the State Board of Education.

"If agriculture and domestic science are taken in the third year, this course will also satisfy the requirements of the State Board with reference to appropriations for these subjects.

"If two units of foreign language are included in the electives, this course will be satisfactory for admission to most colleges.”

And finally, “Satisfactory rhetoricals are required of all students.”

Clearly, earning a diploma and the right to apply to colleges required diligence on the part of students and faculty. 

I don’t pretend that I understand all of these requirements, but I do recognize that the students and their families sacrificed more than tuition money to achieve educational success. I wish I had more information regarding teacher preparation that detailed how educators instructed students to meet these standards.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697658052786.jpeg" alt="Ellis School ca 1911. Courtesy Paul Kraus&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Ellis School ca 1911. Courtesy Paul Kraus&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>This column continues exploring the 1913 – 1914 Second Annual Catalogue of Ellis Public Schools. This portion deals with the curricula for the College Preparatory Course. Keep in mind the limited faculty available to prepare Ellis youth for their futures.According to the catalogue, the district (or perhaps the state) required 15 units for graduation. Those desiring to attend college needed to take and pass “at least two units of a foreign language and three units in one subject besides English, to be taken from the following: Foreign Language, Mathematics, History, Natural Science.”The catalogue adds an explanation stating, “In the branches that do not require preparation by the student outside of the recitation a unit of credit is given for a course of daily exercises extending through the year with double eighty-minute periods, and a half unit of credit is given for a course extending through the year with forty-minute periods.”In additional paragraphs, the catalogue records that, “The Normal Training Course meets the requirements of the State Board of Education."If agriculture and domestic science are taken in the third year, this course will also satisfy the requirements of the State Board with reference to appropriations for these subjects."If two units of foreign language are included in the electives, this course will be satisfactory for admission to most colleges.”And finally, “Satisfactory rhetoricals are required of all students.”Clearly, earning a diploma and the right to apply to colleges required diligence on the part of students and faculty. I don’t pretend that I understand all of these requirements, but I do recognize that the students and their families sacrificed more than tuition money to achieve educational success. I wish I had more information regarding teacher preparation that detailed how educators instructed students to meet these standards.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697658006051.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158626307.png" alt="Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>

MADORIN: History of Ellis schools, part 10

The Hays Post will accept letters to the editor on the upcoming 2024 General Election until 5 p.m. today. Please send letters to hayspost@eaglemedia.com.

Letters&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;editor&nbsp;must be signed.&nbsp;

They must pertain&nbsp;to&nbsp;a local&nbsp;topic and be written by someone from&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hays Eagle Media coverage area.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The&nbsp;Hays Post reserves&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;to&nbsp;reject&nbsp;letters.&nbsp;

Hays PostThe Hays Post will accept letters to the editor on the upcoming 2024 General Election until 5 p.m. today. Please send letters to hayspost@eaglemedia.com.<h2>Hays Post Letter to the Editor policy</h2>Letters&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;editor&nbsp;must be signed.&nbsp;They must be typed.&nbsp;They must pertain&nbsp;to&nbsp;a local&nbsp;topic and be written by someone from&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hays Eagle Media coverage area.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;Hays Post reserves&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;to&nbsp;reject&nbsp;letters.&nbsp;

Election Letter to the Editor deadline today

Most of us know that physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle. But did you know that exercise in the fall and winter is particularly important? Studies show that exercise can ward off seasonal depression, keep illness at bay, and keep holiday calories in check.

As the days get shorter and the chance to soak up vitamin D from the sun dwindles, seasonal depression is a major issue for Americans. It’s harder to find time to get outside, schedules get busier, and stress increases. Motivation to exercise may be a challenge due to these reasons, but exercise can make a complete difference in how you feel! Regular workouts release endorphins that boost mood, increase energy levels, and reduce stress which can combat the seasonal depression of winter.

Regular moderate-intensity exercise also plays an important role in immune health. This can decrease your chances of getting sick during the cold and flu season. However, it is important to note that regular activity is key because exercise improves overall health which boosts immune function. This is because it increases the circulation of immune cells, acts as a natural sleep aid, and reduces inflammation. So, continue hitting the gym a few times a week and you might see your overall health and immune health improve!

Finally, we all know that holiday treats are the culprit of excess weight gain most of us struggle with every year. Although it is important to enjoy family gatherings and indulge occasionally, it is just as important to get back on track. When working out is a habit, this is a lot easier. In fact, regular exercise helps to manage the hunger hormones that often lead to overeating. Regular exercisers also feel more encouraged to eat mindfully and drink more water which can help control weight fluctuation.

The change in seasons may have shifted your routine. This can make it hard to find time to exercise, so here are a few tips to stay active as the weather cools down:

· Make time for an outdoor workout during the day's warmer parts. You might find it more appealing to go for a walk over your lunch hour as opposed to chilly mornings. Prepping your lunch ahead of time can help you squeeze in a quick brain break.

· Join a fitness class or sports league. Having accountability from others may be the motivation you need. Plus, socialization always makes exercise more fun! There are multiple options for group fitness options. Most local recreation commissions offer basketball, volleyball, and other various sports.&nbsp;Classes offered by K-State Research and Extension will also gear up in January. These include Walk with Ease in Hoisington and Stay Strong, Stay Healthy in Hays. Contact your local extension office to learn more!

· Keep moving throughout your day. Maybe you don’t have the time to make it to the gym, but setting daily activity goals can still improve your health. A daily step goal is a common one that many people reap benefits from. Getting more movement in can include parking at the back of the lot, taking the stairs, deep cleaning the house, or using a standing desk.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Most of us know that physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle. But did you know that exercise in the fall and winter is particularly important? Studies show that exercise can ward off seasonal depression, keep illness at bay, and keep holiday calories in check.As the days get shorter and the chance to soak up vitamin D from the sun dwindles, seasonal depression is a major issue for Americans. It’s harder to find time to get outside, schedules get busier, and stress increases. Motivation to exercise may be a challenge due to these reasons, but exercise can make a complete difference in how you feel! Regular workouts release endorphins that boost mood, increase energy levels, and reduce stress which can combat the seasonal depression of winter.Regular moderate-intensity exercise also plays an important role in immune health. This can decrease your chances of getting sick during the cold and flu season. However, it is important to note that regular activity is key because exercise improves overall health which boosts immune function. This is because it increases the circulation of immune cells, acts as a natural sleep aid, and reduces inflammation. So, continue hitting the gym a few times a week and you might see your overall health and immune health improve!Finally, we all know that holiday treats are the culprit of excess weight gain most of us struggle with every year. Although it is important to enjoy family gatherings and indulge occasionally, it is just as important to get back on track. When working out is a habit, this is a lot easier. In fact, regular exercise helps to manage the hunger hormones that often lead to overeating. Regular exercisers also feel more encouraged to eat mindfully and drink more water which can help control weight fluctuation.The change in seasons may have shifted your routine. This can make it hard to find time to exercise, so here are a few tips to stay active as the weather cools down:· Make time for an outdoor workout during the day's warmer parts. You might find it more appealing to go for a walk over your lunch hour as opposed to chilly mornings. Prepping your lunch ahead of time can help you squeeze in a quick brain break.· Join a fitness class or sports league. Having accountability from others may be the motivation you need. Plus, socialization always makes exercise more fun! There are multiple options for group fitness options. Most local recreation commissions offer basketball, volleyball, and other various sports.&nbsp;Classes offered by K-State Research and Extension will also gear up in January. These include Walk with Ease in Hoisington and Stay Strong, Stay Healthy in Hays. Contact your local extension office to learn more!· Keep moving throughout your day. Maybe you don’t have the time to make it to the gym, but setting daily activity goals can still improve your health. A daily step goal is a common one that many people reap benefits from. Getting more movement in can include parking at the back of the lot, taking the stairs, deep cleaning the house, or using a standing desk.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Activity in the autumn: It's essential!

Hearing loss doesn’t just mean an older adult needs to turn up the TV. It’s been linked to a range of health problems, including dementia.

The latest aging research not only shows the two are connected, it’s also leading scientists to believe that hearing loss may actually be a cause of dementia.

This emerging area of research has huge implications, says Frank Lin, MD, PhD, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. at the Bloomberg School. Some 37.5 million Americans have trouble hearing, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.

A key question researchers have: Could hearing aids reduce the risk of a person developing dementia?

Lin explains the connection between the two conditions and where the science is headed.

If you have hearing loss, you have a greater chance of developing dementia, according to a 2020 Lancet commission report that lists hearing loss as one of the top risk factors for dementia.

Hearing loss can make the brain work harder, forcing it to strain to hear and fill in the gaps. That comes at the expense of other thinking and memory systems. Another possibility: Hearing loss causes the aging brain to shrink more quickly. A third possibility is that hearing loss leads people to be less socially engaged, which is hugely important to remaining intellectually stimulated. If you can't hear very well, you may not go out as much, so the brain is less engaged and active.

Quantifying hearing loss’s impact

According to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is estimated to account for 8% of dementia cases. This means that hearing loss may be responsible for 800,000 of the nearly 10 million new cases of dementia diagnosed each year.

Johns Hopkins is leading a large National Institute on Aging study to see if hearing aids can safeguard seniors’ mental processes. The study has multiple locations and has recruited nearly 1,000 people ages 70–84 with hearing loss. One group is provided hearing aids, while another group receives aging education. In July, Public Health on Call interviewed Dr. Frank Lin about his research using a randomized control study. Everyone was followed for three years with cognitive skills test every 6 months. Hearing interventions were shown to slow down cognitive decline in those with more risk factors for cognitive decline. A hearing aid is a low risk intervention that can help prevent cognitive decline in those with other risk factors.

Hearing loss has long-term effects on health. It’s believed to increase the risk for falls and depression. It also leads to higher health care costs: People with hearing loss have an increased rate of hospitalization.

Please encourage your loved ones to go get their hearing checked and find hearing aids if they have hearing loss. October is also National Protect Your Hearing Month so remember your ear plugs or earmuffs when you are around loud sounds. Prevention is important.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Hearing loss doesn’t just mean an older adult needs to turn up the TV. It’s been linked to a range of health problems, including dementia.The latest aging research not only shows the two are connected, it’s also leading scientists to believe that hearing loss may actually be a cause of dementia.This emerging area of research has huge implications, says Frank Lin, MD, PhD, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. at the Bloomberg School. Some 37.5 million Americans have trouble hearing, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.A key question researchers have: Could hearing aids reduce the risk of a person developing dementia?Lin explains the connection between the two conditions and where the science is headed.Hearing loss and the brainIf you have hearing loss, you have a greater chance of developing dementia, according to a 2020 Lancet commission report that lists hearing loss as one of the top risk factors for dementia.Brain strain and social isolationHearing loss can make the brain work harder, forcing it to strain to hear and fill in the gaps. That comes at the expense of other thinking and memory systems. Another possibility: Hearing loss causes the aging brain to shrink more quickly. A third possibility is that hearing loss leads people to be less socially engaged, which is hugely important to remaining intellectually stimulated. If you can't hear very well, you may not go out as much, so the brain is less engaged and active.Quantifying hearing loss’s impactAccording to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is estimated to account for 8% of dementia cases. This means that hearing loss may be responsible for 800,000 of the nearly 10 million new cases of dementia diagnosed each year.Reducing the risk of dementiaJohns Hopkins is leading a large National Institute on Aging study to see if hearing aids can safeguard seniors’ mental processes. The study has multiple locations and has recruited nearly 1,000 people ages 70–84 with hearing loss. One group is provided hearing aids, while another group receives aging education. In July, Public Health on Call interviewed Dr. Frank Lin about his research using a randomized control study. Everyone was followed for three years with cognitive skills test every 6 months. Hearing interventions were shown to slow down cognitive decline in those with more risk factors for cognitive decline. A hearing aid is a low risk intervention that can help prevent cognitive decline in those with other risk factors.Other effects on healthHearing loss has long-term effects on health. It’s believed to increase the risk for falls and depression. It also leads to higher health care costs: People with hearing loss have an increased rate of hospitalization.Please encourage your loved ones to go get their hearing checked and find hearing aids if they have hearing loss. October is also National Protect Your Hearing Month so remember your ear plugs or earmuffs when you are around loud sounds. Prevention is important.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Hearing loss linked to health problems, including dementia

I don’t have many pet peeves, but the few I do have occasionally jump the fence and run wild for a spell. One of those pet peeves involves a small group of outdoorsmen we kids used to call “slob hunters.” You know, the ones that go afield each hunting season only for the bragging rights to having killed something. They shoot from their pickup; they shoot from the road; they hunt after hours without licenses (known as poaching); they shoot at any kind of sound and movement; they blaze away at targets much too far away to identify. They’ll empty a deer rifle at anything running through the brush in the same township. They’ll empty an automatic 12 gauge at anything with wings. The safest place to be is often right in front of them as they swing wildly to fire at some blur streaking across the field, be it Whitetail, Appaloosa or Angus. Years ago, I bird hunted ONE time with a coworker who would fire two shots, then aim.

Some years back Joyce and I had garnered permission to trap and hunt turkeys on a dynamite out-of-the-way piece of ground northwest of here along the Little Arkansas River. Each time we were there we either saw deer or were astounded at the amount of fresh deer sign. The land owner had tentatively given us permission to deer hunt also, so the weekend before deer season opened that year, we drove there one evening at dusk intending to do some last-minute scouting. The owner was there fixing fence, and said he had understood we would be bow hunting. When he heard we would instead be rifle hunting, his reply was “Absolutely not; I don’t want any big rifles on this property, and I’ll tell you why!” He proceeded to tell us a disturbing story about how, some years back, he and his wife were cutting tree limbs and branches along the alfalfa field in front of us when a shot rang out and the bullet zipped through the trees mere inches from them both. “We had run the chain saw for two hours, so anyone should have known we were there” he added. This was the work of a slob hunter who had obviously shot at sound and movement along the river, or missed their intended target very badly (I can’t remember the last time I saw a deer use a chainsaw!) The hunter safety course devotes an entire chapter to firearms handling and safety, which includes subjects like positive target identification and knowing exactly what lies beyond your target.

That same year I had asked permission to trap a stretch of the river bordering the same afore mentioned property but owned by someone else who also lives nearby. Shortly after harvesting my fall turkey just across the river, I pulled into the other landowners drive to introduce myself and was greeted with an icy stare. He had heard my shot and was very uneasy at my presence there. As our conversation progressed, and as I convinced him of my trustworthiness, he became very cordial and friendly, and related to me the reason for his uneasiness; in the past few years, two of his horses have been inexplicably shot! It’s terribly far-fetched to think that both could have been from stray bullets, and I’m here to tell you that if a horse in any way resembles a whitetail deer through your rifle scope, you need eye surgery and a biology lesson!

Another major “pet peeve” of mine is trespassing and hunting without permission, and with the myriad of fall hunting seasons upon us, allow me to offer some pertinent information.&nbsp;

In Kansas, law requires hunters to gain land owner permission even on unmarked property, so no signs of any sort are required for that landowner to regulate hunting on their land. Let me also note the difference between “hunting with permission only” and “hunting with WRITTEN permission only.”

 “Hunting with permission only” allows for any form of permission, written, verbal or over the phone, and requires the land owner’s signature on any ticket or formal complaint issued by the conservation officer. “Hunting with WRITTEN permission only” is satisfied only by permission in writing, and gives law enforcement personnel free reign to issue citations, and/or make arrests with no further authorization. By the way, land owners, the fish and game dept. furnishes both the signs and permission slips at no cost for this type of posting. 

I’m sure we hunters have all seen the bright purple paint on fence posts and old tires along property lines. These purple markers along property boundaries also mean “hunting with WRITTEN permission only,” and corresponding compliance is required.

Fellow sportsmen, we don’t need to give hunting and trapping any more black eyes, so please be absolutely certain of your target when hunting and always err on the side of safety if you’re not sure. Get the required permission to be on someone else’s property and make sure that landowner understands exactly how you will be using their land. 

Be safe and take someone hunting or trapping this year as you continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>I don’t have many pet peeves, but the few I do have occasionally jump the fence and run wild for a spell. One of those pet peeves involves a small group of outdoorsmen we kids used to call “slob hunters.” You know, the ones that go afield each hunting season only for the bragging rights to having killed something. They shoot from their pickup; they shoot from the road; they hunt after hours without licenses (known as poaching); they shoot at any kind of sound and movement; they blaze away at targets much too far away to identify. They’ll empty a deer rifle at anything running through the brush in the same township. They’ll empty an automatic 12 gauge at anything with wings. The safest place to be is often right in front of them as they swing wildly to fire at some blur streaking across the field, be it Whitetail, Appaloosa or Angus. Years ago, I bird hunted ONE time with a coworker who would fire two shots, then aim.Some years back Joyce and I had garnered permission to trap and hunt turkeys on a dynamite out-of-the-way piece of ground northwest of here along the Little Arkansas River. Each time we were there we either saw deer or were astounded at the amount of fresh deer sign. The land owner had tentatively given us permission to deer hunt also, so the weekend before deer season opened that year, we drove there one evening at dusk intending to do some last-minute scouting. The owner was there fixing fence, and said he had understood we would be bow hunting. When he heard we would instead be rifle hunting, his reply was “Absolutely not; I don’t want any big rifles on this property, and I’ll tell you why!” He proceeded to tell us a disturbing story about how, some years back, he and his wife were cutting tree limbs and branches along the alfalfa field in front of us when a shot rang out and the bullet zipped through the trees mere inches from them both. “We had run the chain saw for two hours, so anyone should have known we were there” he added. This was the work of a slob hunter who had obviously shot at sound and movement along the river, or missed their intended target very badly (I can’t remember the last time I saw a deer use a chainsaw!) The hunter safety course devotes an entire chapter to firearms handling and safety, which includes subjects like positive target identification and knowing exactly what lies beyond your target.That same year I had asked permission to trap a stretch of the river bordering the same afore mentioned property but owned by someone else who also lives nearby. Shortly after harvesting my fall turkey just across the river, I pulled into the other landowners drive to introduce myself and was greeted with an icy stare. He had heard my shot and was very uneasy at my presence there. As our conversation progressed, and as I convinced him of my trustworthiness, he became very cordial and friendly, and related to me the reason for his uneasiness; in the past few years, two of his horses have been inexplicably shot! It’s terribly far-fetched to think that both could have been from stray bullets, and I’m here to tell you that if a horse in any way resembles a whitetail deer through your rifle scope, you need eye surgery and a biology lesson!Another major “pet peeve” of mine is trespassing and hunting without permission, and with the myriad of fall hunting seasons upon us, allow me to offer some pertinent information.&nbsp;In Kansas, law requires hunters to gain land owner permission even on unmarked property, so no signs of any sort are required for that landowner to regulate hunting on their land. Let me also note the difference between “hunting with permission only” and “hunting with WRITTEN permission only.” “Hunting with permission only” allows for any form of permission, written, verbal or over the phone, and requires the land owner’s signature on any ticket or formal complaint issued by the conservation officer. “Hunting with WRITTEN permission only” is satisfied only by permission in writing, and gives law enforcement personnel free reign to issue citations, and/or make arrests with no further authorization. By the way, land owners, the fish and game dept. furnishes both the signs and permission slips at no cost for this type of posting. I’m sure we hunters have all seen the bright purple paint on fence posts and old tires along property lines. These purple markers along property boundaries also mean “hunting with WRITTEN permission only,” and corresponding compliance is required.Fellow sportsmen, we don’t need to give hunting and trapping any more black eyes, so please be absolutely certain of your target when hunting and always err on the side of safety if you’re not sure. Get the required permission to be on someone else’s property and make sure that landowner understands exactly how you will be using their land. Be safe and take someone hunting or trapping this year as you continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors!Steve Gilliland, Inman, can be contacted by email at&nbsp;stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Exploring Outdoor Kansas: Pet peeves running amuck!

The Kansas economy is doing well, by many measures.&nbsp; So, why do so many Kansans think otherwise?&nbsp; To paraphrase James Carville—it’s housing costs, stupid.

Just released from the Docking Institute of Public Affairs at Fort Hays State University, the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll details the story. &nbsp; Fifty percent of Kansans rate the state’s economy as good, very good or excellent, while 48.2% rate it as fair, poor or very poor.&nbsp; This means that Kansans are nearly&nbsp; divided on the state’s economy.&nbsp; This rating is down from previous years.&nbsp;&nbsp;

This trend continues when respondents are asked about the direction of the economy, with 40.5% saying it is getting worse, 33.7% saying it stayed the same, and only 18.7% saying it is getting better.&nbsp; These numbers are slightly more optimistic than those in 2022, but both 2022 and 2023 are down dramatically from 2021, when the largest group thought it had stayed the same, and the getting better and getting worse responses were nearly tied.

Another question asked, “How concerned are you that the Kansas economy will seriously threaten you or your family’s welfare in the coming year?”&nbsp; In this case, the combined percentages of very concerned and moderately concerned rose from previous years and now stands at 45.5%.

Americans often hold the President responsible for the state of the economy.&nbsp; Right now, President Biden’s approval ratings in Kansas are abysmal, with only 21.9% being very or somewhat satisfied, 16.6% being dissatisfied, and 50.4% being very dissatisfied.&nbsp; This appears to reflect attitudes on the economy, not the culture war.&nbsp; For example,&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;results indicate that most Kansans agree with Biden on abortion rights, with 63.5% of respondents who either strongly agree or agree that “women are in a better position than politicians to make their own choices about whether or not to get an abortion.”&nbsp; These numbers mirror the results of Kansas’ 2022 referendum on abortion rights.

In many ways, the economic attitudes are a puzzle.&nbsp; Kansas has an extremely low&nbsp;<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=kansas+unemployment+rate&amp;rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS959US959&amp;oq=kansas+unemployment+rat&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgBEAAYgAQyBggCEEUYOTIHCAMQABiABDIMCAQQABgUGIcCGIAEMggIBRAAGBYYHjIKCAYQABgPGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMggICRAAGBYYHqgCALACAA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8" target="_blank">unemployment rate</a>&nbsp;today, only 2.8%.&nbsp; The state is sitting on a&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/briefs/kansas-revenue-forecast-expects-surplus-to-grow-to-1-9b-pending-tax-cuts/#:~:text=That%20would%20leave%20the%20state,in%20the%20rainy%20day%20fund." target="_blank">budget surplus</a>&nbsp;of over $3 billion.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/current-inflation-rates/" target="_blank">Inflation</a>&nbsp;has dropped from its high of 7% in 2021 to 3.7% for this year. &nbsp; All in all, the economy is doing well.&nbsp; So why do so many Kansans think it is not?

Kansas Speaks&nbsp;answers this question, too.&nbsp; A whopping 71.6% of respondents either strongly agree or agree that “I am concerned about the cost of housing in my community.”&nbsp; Meanwhile, only 34.9% strongly agree or agree that “I believe there is sufficient available housing in my community.”&nbsp; Indeed, Kansas home prices are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wichita.edu/about/wsunews-releases/2023/09-sept/realestate_3.php#:~:text=Home%20prices%20%E2%80%93%20Tight%20inventories%20are,another%203.5%25%20increase%20in%202024." target="_blank">expected to increase</a>&nbsp;by 5.5% this year, followed by another 3.5% increase in 2024.&nbsp; Housing costs are rising even faster in the Kansas City and Lawrence areas. &nbsp; In the worst cases, people can end up unhoused.&nbsp; This year, only 21% of Kansans agree that “homelessness is handled well in my community.”

No matter the promising unemployment, budget surplus, and inflation statistics, the limited supply and rising costs of housing are causing Kansans major worries about the state of the economy.&nbsp; Policymakers, take note.

<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cop3YF-F54bDYFHCY__tMjRjBe9QgW45/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=103917523163556143889&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" target="_blank">Housing Costs Have Kansans Worried.docx</a>

Michael A. Smith is a professor of political science and chair of social sciences at Emporia State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698326876404.png" alt="Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>The Kansas economy is doing well, by many measures.&nbsp; So, why do so many Kansans think otherwise?&nbsp; To paraphrase James Carville—it’s housing costs, stupid.Just released from the Docking Institute of Public Affairs at Fort Hays State University, the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll details the story. &nbsp; Fifty percent of Kansans rate the state’s economy as good, very good or excellent, while 48.2% rate it as fair, poor or very poor.&nbsp; This means that Kansans are nearly&nbsp; divided on the state’s economy.&nbsp; This rating is down from previous years.&nbsp;&nbsp;This trend continues when respondents are asked about the direction of the economy, with 40.5% saying it is getting worse, 33.7% saying it stayed the same, and only 18.7% saying it is getting better.&nbsp; These numbers are slightly more optimistic than those in 2022, but both 2022 and 2023 are down dramatically from 2021, when the largest group thought it had stayed the same, and the getting better and getting worse responses were nearly tied.Another question asked, “How concerned are you that the Kansas economy will seriously threaten you or your family’s welfare in the coming year?”&nbsp; In this case, the combined percentages of very concerned and moderately concerned rose from previous years and now stands at 45.5%.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582312931775.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Americans often hold the President responsible for the state of the economy.&nbsp; Right now, President Biden’s approval ratings in Kansas are abysmal, with only 21.9% being very or somewhat satisfied, 16.6% being dissatisfied, and 50.4% being very dissatisfied.&nbsp; This appears to reflect attitudes on the economy, not the culture war.&nbsp; For example,&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;results indicate that most Kansans agree with Biden on abortion rights, with 63.5% of respondents who either strongly agree or agree that “women are in a better position than politicians to make their own choices about whether or not to get an abortion.”&nbsp; These numbers mirror the results of Kansas’ 2022 referendum on abortion rights.In many ways, the economic attitudes are a puzzle.&nbsp; Kansas has an extremely low&nbsp;<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=kansas+unemployment+rate&amp;rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS959US959&amp;oq=kansas+unemployment+rat&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgBEAAYgAQyBggCEEUYOTIHCAMQABiABDIMCAQQABgUGIcCGIAEMggIBRAAGBYYHjIKCAYQABgPGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMggICRAAGBYYHqgCALACAA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8" target="_blank">unemployment rate</a>&nbsp;today, only 2.8%.&nbsp; The state is sitting on a&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/briefs/kansas-revenue-forecast-expects-surplus-to-grow-to-1-9b-pending-tax-cuts/#:~:text=That%20would%20leave%20the%20state,in%20the%20rainy%20day%20fund." target="_blank">budget surplus</a>&nbsp;of over $3 billion.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/current-inflation-rates/" target="_blank">Inflation</a>&nbsp;has dropped from its high of 7% in 2021 to 3.7% for this year. &nbsp; All in all, the economy is doing well.&nbsp; So why do so many Kansans think it is not?Kansas Speaks&nbsp;answers this question, too.&nbsp; A whopping 71.6% of respondents either strongly agree or agree that “I am concerned about the cost of housing in my community.”&nbsp; Meanwhile, only 34.9% strongly agree or agree that “I believe there is sufficient available housing in my community.”&nbsp; Indeed, Kansas home prices are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wichita.edu/about/wsunews-releases/2023/09-sept/realestate_3.php#:~:text=Home%20prices%20%E2%80%93%20Tight%20inventories%20are,another%203.5%25%20increase%20in%202024." target="_blank">expected to increase</a>&nbsp;by 5.5% this year, followed by another 3.5% increase in 2024.&nbsp; Housing costs are rising even faster in the Kansas City and Lawrence areas. &nbsp; In the worst cases, people can end up unhoused.&nbsp; This year, only 21% of Kansans agree that “homelessness is handled well in my community.”No matter the promising unemployment, budget surplus, and inflation statistics, the limited supply and rising costs of housing are causing Kansans major worries about the state of the economy.&nbsp; Policymakers, take note.<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cop3YF-F54bDYFHCY__tMjRjBe9QgW45/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=103917523163556143889&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" target="_blank">Housing Costs Have Kansans Worried.docx</a>Michael A. Smith is a professor of political science and chair of social sciences at Emporia State University.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Housing costs have Kansans worried

From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. 

But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.

• Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.

• Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.

• Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks

• Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.

• See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.

• Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.

• Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.

• Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.

• Use battery-operated lights instead of candles.

• Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.

• Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.

• Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.

Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.Here are some tips to help you prepare:• Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.• Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.• Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks• Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.• See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.• Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.• Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.• Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.• Use battery-operated lights instead of candles.• Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.• Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.• Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Halloween safety

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, can damage several important Kansas crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the Gulf Coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas, with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.

While reports of fall armyworm caterpillar damage have not been received so far this fall, it is a good idea to keep an eye out for this insect, especially where newly seeded crops or grasses have been planted.

Fall armyworm caterpillars can be distinguished from other Lepidopterans by markings on the head that resemble an inverted “Y” and four spots on the last abdominal segment that form a square. Once caterpillars are ½ to ¾ inch, they can do considerable damage in a few days. Because of this it is important to scout newly planted fields or hay meadows, in order to spot them when they are small.

A reasonable treatment threshold is finding three or more caterpillars per square foot within a newly planted field. 

There are several insecticides labeled to control this insect including Mustang Maxx, Besiege and Sevin. For forage crops, be sure to check the grazing restriction and post-harvest interval. When considering a chemical treatment option, keep in mind caterpillars ¾-inch or longer are close to maturity and can be harder to control with an insecticide.

Fall armyworm feeding declines with cooler temperatures and the adult moths eventually migrate south. In the meantime, be sure to keep an eye on any newly seeded grain or hay fields.

K-State Research &amp; Extension has crop insect pest management information available at your finger-tips, simply type into your internet browser “<a href="https://entomology.k-state.edu/extension/publications/">crop pest guides, KSU</a>”.

If you ever need any assistance in looking at your fields or have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, can damage several important Kansas crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the Gulf Coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas, with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.While reports of fall armyworm caterpillar damage have not been received so far this fall, it is a good idea to keep an eye out for this insect, especially where newly seeded crops or grasses have been planted.Fall armyworm caterpillars can be distinguished from other Lepidopterans by markings on the head that resemble an inverted “Y” and four spots on the last abdominal segment that form a square. Once caterpillars are ½ to ¾ inch, they can do considerable damage in a few days. Because of this it is important to scout newly planted fields or hay meadows, in order to spot them when they are small.A reasonable treatment threshold is finding three or more caterpillars per square foot within a newly planted field. There are several insecticides labeled to control this insect including Mustang Maxx, Besiege and Sevin. For forage crops, be sure to check the grazing restriction and post-harvest interval. When considering a chemical treatment option, keep in mind caterpillars ¾-inch or longer are close to maturity and can be harder to control with an insecticide.Fall armyworm feeding declines with cooler temperatures and the adult moths eventually migrate south. In the meantime, be sure to keep an eye on any newly seeded grain or hay fields.K-State Research &amp; Extension has crop insect pest management information available at your finger-tips, simply type into your internet browser “<a href="https://entomology.k-state.edu/extension/publications/">crop pest guides, KSU</a>”.If you ever need any assistance in looking at your fields or have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall armyworm awareness

When we recently drove to New Mexico, we discovered tarantula hordes sharing southeast Colorado highways with us. I’d seen posts regarding a Tarantula Fest in La Junta and wondered if they’d attended. Once we counted more than a dozen palm-size, hairy brown creatures crossing a stretch of asphalt slicing through section after section of native grassland I needed to discover these eight-legged guys’ intended destination. I didn’t want to join them.

Come to find out, guys they are. This annual tarantula march is not a migration technically. It involves local males of the species seeking mates isolated into webbed-encased burrows throughout undisturbed grasslands covering arid eastern Colorado and western Kansas. Scores of these shy creatures occupy this landscape unseen most of the year. That is until mating season kicks in. Likely dates to spy this trek for love start in late August as temps drop and last through October when I presume freezing nights put the kibosh on natural urges.

Fellas of the brown tarantula species mature sexually between five to ten years of age—yeah, these are long-lived arachnids. Gals mature later, living up to three decades and producing up to 4,000 offspring during their reproductive years. Once these arachnids reach goal age, Mother Nature flicks the on switch, sending males on their odyssey to search for breeding partners. Using touch, pheromones, and vibrations to find mates, these huge spiders may hike over a mile to contribute to the gene pool.

Once Mr. Tarantula finds a desirable female’s homey burrow on the lonesome prairie, he uses his pedipalps, aka arm/hand-like extensions located near his jaws, to drum on the object of his desire’s so-to-speak door. According to some sources, this rhythm lures an intrigued damsel from underground so the two can complete necessary mating rituals. If the guy is lucky, he survives this relationship and scurries off as fast as a tarantula can to find another interested partner. Apparently, once fertilization takes place, some females decide their partners qualify as tasty meals.

Surviving males wander from burrow to burrow, seeking reproductive opportunity. Once those honeymoons end, males cross the equivalent of the Rainbow Bridge—however that’s phrased in arachnid-speak.

Fertilized females create a giant (envision a golf ball) egg sac, where she deposits the next generation and protects her treasure from predators while rotating it like a rotisserie turns roasting chicken. Soon, hatchlings by the hundreds emerge and begin the process again, establishing their own burrows and controlling prairie pests. As scary as tarantulas look, they are good guys. They eat undesirable insects.

Speaking of insects, one of a tarantula’s most feared predators is the huge tarantula hawk, a spider-hunting wasp. They’re the United States’ largest wasp and feed on nectar. Unfortunately, successful reproduction requires a sacrificial tarantula. In this real-life horror story, fertile female wasps inject venom into target tarantulas, paralyzing them before dragging them into burrows. Once spiders are in place, female wasps lay eggs on them. Within days, larvae hatch and begin feasting on unmoving but still-living, hosts.

Based on the number of tarantulas we encountered crossing the highway, few suffer this fate. Most live long spidey-lives, continuing annual reproductive efforts and contributing to healthy prairies. To learn more and have fun, investigate La Junta’s Tarantula Fest.

Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158605319.jpeg" alt="Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>When we recently drove to New Mexico, we discovered tarantula hordes sharing southeast Colorado highways with us. I’d seen posts regarding a Tarantula Fest in La Junta and wondered if they’d attended. Once we counted more than a dozen palm-size, hairy brown creatures crossing a stretch of asphalt slicing through section after section of native grassland I needed to discover these eight-legged guys’ intended destination. I didn’t want to join them.Come to find out, guys they are. This annual tarantula march is not a migration technically. It involves local males of the species seeking mates isolated into webbed-encased burrows throughout undisturbed grasslands covering arid eastern Colorado and western Kansas. Scores of these shy creatures occupy this landscape unseen most of the year. That is until mating season kicks in. Likely dates to spy this trek for love start in late August as temps drop and last through October when I presume freezing nights put the kibosh on natural urges.Fellas of the brown tarantula species mature sexually between five to ten years of age—yeah, these are long-lived arachnids. Gals mature later, living up to three decades and producing up to 4,000 offspring during their reproductive years. Once these arachnids reach goal age, Mother Nature flicks the on switch, sending males on their odyssey to search for breeding partners. Using touch, pheromones, and vibrations to find mates, these huge spiders may hike over a mile to contribute to the gene pool.Once Mr. Tarantula finds a desirable female’s homey burrow on the lonesome prairie, he uses his pedipalps, aka arm/hand-like extensions located near his jaws, to drum on the object of his desire’s so-to-speak door. According to some sources, this rhythm lures an intrigued damsel from underground so the two can complete necessary mating rituals. If the guy is lucky, he survives this relationship and scurries off as fast as a tarantula can to find another interested partner. Apparently, once fertilization takes place, some females decide their partners qualify as tasty meals.Surviving males wander from burrow to burrow, seeking reproductive opportunity. Once those honeymoons end, males cross the equivalent of the Rainbow Bridge—however that’s phrased in arachnid-speak.Fertilized females create a giant (envision a golf ball) egg sac, where she deposits the next generation and protects her treasure from predators while rotating it like a rotisserie turns roasting chicken. Soon, hatchlings by the hundreds emerge and begin the process again, establishing their own burrows and controlling prairie pests. As scary as tarantulas look, they are good guys. They eat undesirable insects.Speaking of insects, one of a tarantula’s most feared predators is the huge tarantula hawk, a spider-hunting wasp. They’re the United States’ largest wasp and feed on nectar. Unfortunately, successful reproduction requires a sacrificial tarantula. In this real-life horror story, fertile female wasps inject venom into target tarantulas, paralyzing them before dragging them into burrows. Once spiders are in place, female wasps lay eggs on them. Within days, larvae hatch and begin feasting on unmoving but still-living, hosts.Based on the number of tarantulas we encountered crossing the highway, few suffer this fate. Most live long spidey-lives, continuing annual reproductive efforts and contributing to healthy prairies. To learn more and have fun, investigate La Junta’s Tarantula Fest.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.&nbsp;

MADORIN: Alert—tarantula crossing

Hays is blessed with an abundance of candidates this election cycle. While some communities struggle to field enough candidates to cover vacancies, Hays has 10 highly-qualified candidates from all walks of life competing for four vacancies for the USD 489 School Board.

Regardless of who wins, USD 489 will be well-served. But among these great candidates is one who stands out.

David Clingan is a relative newcomer to Hays, with a decade of residency here. David came to Hays by way of a successful three-decade career as a big-box retail general manager, first for Target stores and later for Home Depot. He and his wife of 25 years have two amazing daughters educated in Hays schools. David and his family are very active in the Hays community, serving on the boards of the Hays Rotary Club, Hays High Athletic Booster Club, and serving as an elder at North Oak Community Church.

David knows how to manage people and projects, large and small. As a store manager, he hired and managed staffs numbering in the hundreds, all with a careful eye to his store’s financial performance. Today, David is the director of recruitment and retention at Grow Hays, where his success in securing millions of dollars in state and federal grants for our community is evident in $4.1 million secured for the Hays microfactory, and several other retail, residential and commercial projects.

David is a man of sincere commitment, candor, intelligence and unfailing integrity. His ability to find workable solutions among people of diverse interests has been proven again and again. The same can be said for his ability to see large projects through from start to finish. 

David will be joining three other thoughtful, smart candidates on my ballot. I hope you agree, and that he’ll earn a spot on your ballot as well.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/12/1640621945297.png" alt="Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>Hays is blessed with an abundance of candidates this election cycle. While some communities struggle to field enough candidates to cover vacancies, Hays has 10 highly-qualified candidates from all walks of life competing for four vacancies for the USD 489 School Board.Regardless of who wins, USD 489 will be well-served. But among these great candidates is one who stands out.David Clingan is a relative newcomer to Hays, with a decade of residency here. David came to Hays by way of a successful three-decade career as a big-box retail general manager, first for Target stores and later for Home Depot. He and his wife of 25 years have two amazing daughters educated in Hays schools. David and his family are very active in the Hays community, serving on the boards of the Hays Rotary Club, Hays High Athletic Booster Club, and serving as an elder at North Oak Community Church.David knows how to manage people and projects, large and small. As a store manager, he hired and managed staffs numbering in the hundreds, all with a careful eye to his store’s financial performance. Today, David is the director of recruitment and retention at Grow Hays, where his success in securing millions of dollars in state and federal grants for our community is evident in $4.1 million secured for the Hays microfactory, and several other retail, residential and commercial projects.David is a man of sincere commitment, candor, intelligence and unfailing integrity. His ability to find workable solutions among people of diverse interests has been proven again and again. The same can be said for his ability to see large projects through from start to finish. David will be joining three other thoughtful, smart candidates on my ballot. I hope you agree, and that he’ll earn a spot on your ballot as well.Mike Morley Hays

Opinion